Table 5.

Metabolites of date seed polyphenols identified in the urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight Mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) analysis following ingestion of date seed treatments.

Compound	Formula	Pseudo-molecular ion (M-H) Exact	Retention Time (min)	Score	Error
Hydroxybenzoic acid 1	C7 H6 O3	137.0244	3.090	99.49 ± 0.05	1.43 ± 2.45
Hydroxybenzoic acid 2	C7 H6 O3	137.0244	4.464	97.58 ± 0.84	2.86 ± 0.10
Protocatechuic acid 1	C7 H6 O4	153.0193	4.640	96.98 ± 1.06	3.73 ± 3.83
Protocatechuic acid 2	C7 H6 O5	153.0193	5.352	95.31 ± 2.06	1.64 ± 2.64
Vanillic acid 1	C8 H8 O4	167.035	3.300	95.39 ± 3.67	1.66 ± 3.93
Vanillic acid 2	C8 H8 O4	167.035	4.735	93.64 ± 3.29	0.23 ± 3.31
Vanillic acid sulphate	C8 H8 O7 S	246.9918	3.368	93.26 ± 2.10	2.19 ± 1.98
Ferulic acid sulphate	C10 H6 O7 S	273.0074	4.618	93.78 ± 2.44	2.31 ± 2.18
Methyl epicatechin sulphate	C16 H6 O9 S	383.0442	5.623	89.13 ± 3.55	0.01 ± 2.04
3,4-dihydroxyphenyl valerolactone	C11 H12 O4	207.0663	5.250	97.03 ± 1.76	2.56 ± 0.57
3,4-dihydroxyphenyl valerolactone glucuronide	C17 H20 O10	383.0984	5.126	97.30 ± 2.47	3.95 ± 2.44
3,4-dihydroxyphenyl valerolactone sulphate	C11 H12 O7 S	287.0231	5.273	96.60 ± 2.40	1.50 ± 0.89
3-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid	C8 H8 O3	151.0401	6.006	91.47 ± 0.83	2.95 ± 2.55
3-hydroxyphenyl propionic acid	C9 H10 O3	165.0557	4.968	92.76 ± 0.78	1.89 ± 2.80
3-hydroxyphenyl valeric acid	C11 H14 O3	193.087	6.979	90.11 ± 0.63	2.65 ± 3.78
3,4-dihydroxyphenyl valeric acid	C11 H14 O4	209.0819	10.407	95.02 ± 1.11	0.56 ± 3.56
3,4-dihydroxyphenyl valeric acid sulphate	C11 H14 O7 S	289.0387	10.863	92.48 ± 4.85	0.91 ± 0.46
Hippuric acid	C9 H9 NO3	178.051	4.921	98.47 ± 0.28	1.87 ± 1.86
Hydroxy hippuric acid 1	C9 H9 NO4	194.0459	3.703	95.91 ± 1.71	0.58 ± 0.76
Hydroxy hippuric acid 2	C9 H9 NO4	194.0459	4.505	94.49 ± 0.78	3.28 ± 3.77