Table 4.
Human milk phospholipid concentration reported in the literature for both transitional and mature milk (modified from Ma et al. [31]) a.
| Total PL Ranges (mg/L) | Country | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transitional Milk | Mature Milk | ||
| 390 ± 50‒440 ± 73 (8‒15, 20) | 370 ± 106‒405 ± 80 (22–36, 40) | Germany | Harzer et al. [52] |
| 310 ± 30 (11, 5) | 270 ± 30 (23, 5 pooled) | USA | Bitman et al. [47] |
| 158 (11, 17) | 114 (23, 19) | Spain | Sala-Vila et al. [48] |
| 148 (7, 6) | 133–227 (20–84, 6) | USA | Bitman et al. [49] |
| 973 (14, 10) | 1023‒1298 (42‒112, 10) | USA | Clark et al. [50] |
| 185 (6‒15, 45) | 182 (>16, 45) | Denmark | Zou et al. [51] |
| 550 ± 260 (6–10, 7) | 450 ± 260 (30, 16) | France | Gracia et al. [45] |
| 230 ± 49–242 ± 82 (30–120, 50) | Singapore | Thakkar et al. [32] | |
| 437 ± 23–535 ± 26 (6–15, 44) | 260 ± 3–422 ± 13 (16–360, 44) | Spain | Claumarchirant et al. [46] |
| 266 ± 57 (6‒14, 12) | 170 ± 80‒219 ± 92 (60–365, 132) | Malaysia | Ma et al. [31] |
| 285 ± 144 (6–15, 81) | 242 ± 114 (16–240, 345) | China | Guiffrida et al. [33] |
| 269 ± 89 (6–14, 41) | 220 ± 85 (180, 40) | UAE | This study |
a Lactational period, in days, and number of samples are given in parentheses. Data from Sala-Vila et al. [48] recalculated from total phospholipid data provided using average molecular masses of 758.4, 864.4, 787.1, 737.6, and 754.4 for PC, PI, PS, PE, and SM, respectively; data from Bitman et al. [49] recalculated from graph using termed mothers only.