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. 2019 Sep 26;11(10):2296. doi: 10.3390/nu11102296

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overview of ketone body metabolism. (A) The formation of ketone bodies (βOHB, AcAc, and acetone) from acetyl CoA (via beta-oxidation) occurs in the liver via ketogenesis; (B) the breakdown of ketone bodies (βOHB) in the cells via ketolysis yields acetyl CoA. AcAc, acetoacetate; AcAc CoA, acetoacetyl CoA; βOHB, beta-hydroxybutyrate; BDH1, mitochondrial beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase; HMGCS2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase; HMGCL, HMGC-CoA lyase; SCOT, succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid-CoA transferase.