Figure 1. Oleate polarizes bone marrow‐derived myeloid cells into immune suppressive tumor‐associated macrophages.

• A
  Bone marrow cells were polarized in the presence of 40 ng/ml GM‐CSF and treated with 0.2 mM of the indicated compounds for 7 days. Gr1⁻CD11b⁺ cells were sorted and lysed for microarray. The hierarchical clustering was based on the different expression genes between BSA (Con) and oleate group.
• B, C
  Signature genes involved in lipid metabolism, dendritic cell maturation, macrophage maturation, tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) phenotype, MHCII complex, and innate immune response are listed (B) and validated (C) via flow cytometry or catalytic activity assay. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from two to four independent experiments. Unpaired Student's two‐tailed t‐tests were performed to compare the expression level of indicated proteins in control and oleate groups. *P < 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01.