Table 3.
Relative risks of dyslipidemia in accordance with the quintiles of total fish consumption by sex in the HEXA-G study.
| Total Fish Consumption (g/d) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | P for Trend | |
| Men (n = 5710) | ||||||
| Median (range) | 11.9 (0.2-16.8) | 21.0 (16.8–25.1) | 29.6 (25.1–34.8) | 40.8 (34.8–49.9) | 65.5 (49.9–292.2) | |
| Person-years, mean (sum) | 5.0 (5468.7) | 4.9 (5472.3) | 4.9 (5553.5) | 5.0 (5870.7) | 4.9 (5950.8) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | ||||||
| Cases, n | 261 | 279 | 308 | 319 | 313 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.05 (0.88–1.24) | 1.14 (0.97–1.35) | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 0.1948 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 1.13 (0.96–1.34) | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) | 0.2593 |
| Hyper-LDL cholesterolemia | ||||||
| Cases, n | 151 | 140 | 169 | 192 | 195 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 1.17 (0.95–1.45) | 1.20 (0.97–1.49) | 0.0145 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.91 (0.72–1.15) | 1.10 (0.88–1.37) | 1.19 (0.96–1.49) | 1.25 (1.00–1.58) | 0.0074 |
| Hypo-HDL cholesterolemia | ||||||
| Cases, n | 68 | 53 | 48 | 74 | 55 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.77 (0.53–1.10) | 0.68 (0.47–0.99) | 0.99 (0.71–1.37) | 0.72 (0.50–1.03) | 0.3026 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.80 (0.56–1.15) | 0.74 (0.51–1.08) | 1.03 (0.73–1.44) | 0.72 (0.49–1.06) | 0.3069 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | ||||||
| Cases, n | 157 | 148 | 147 | 188 | 169 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.90 (0.71–1.12) | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | 0.93 (0.75–1.15) | 0.9930 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.89 (0.71–1.12) | 0.88 (0.70–1.11) | 1.02 (0.82–1.27) | 0.87 (0.69–1.10) | 0.5172 |
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||
| Cases, n | 396 | 403 | 409 | 478 | 456 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) | 1.11 (0.97–1.27) | 1.06 (0.92–1.21) | 0.2005 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.99 (0.86-1.14) | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 1.09 (0.95–1.26) | 1.04 (0.90–1.20) | 0.3559 |
| Women (n = 14,960) | ||||||
| Median (range) | 11.9 (0.0-16.8) | 21.0 (16.8–25.1) | 29.6 (25.1–34.8) | 41.0 (34.8–49.9) | 65.5 (49.9–348.5) | |
| Person-years, mean (sum) | 5.1 (15389.3) | 5.1 (15350.3) | 5.1 (15201.3) | 5.1 (15218.5) | 5.3 (15451.2) | |
| Hypercholesterolemia | ||||||
| Cases, n | 1099 | 1082 | 1152 | 1158 | 1156 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | 0.9380 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.97 (0.90–1.06) | 1.07 (0.99–1.17) | 1.04 (0.95-1.13) | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) | 0.9228 |
| Hyper-LDL cholesterolemia | ||||||
| Cases, n | 586 | 582 | 631 | 631 | 646 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 1.06 (0.95–1.19) | 1.02 (0.91–1.14) | 0.6460 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) | 1.05 (0.93–1.18) | 0.4159 |
| Hypo-HDL cholesterolemia | ||||||
| Cases, n | 87 | 71 | 64 | 73 | 81 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.82 (0.60–1.12) | 0.76 (0.55–1.05) | 0.83 (0.60–1.13) | 0.84 (0.62–1.14) | 0.5000 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.81 (0.59–1.10) | 0.76 (0.55–1.05) | 0.81 (0.59–1.12) | 0.82 (0.59–1.14) | 0.4593 |
| Hypertriglyceridemia | ||||||
| Cases, n | 307 | 304 | 297 | 273 | 297 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.99 (0.84–1.16) | 1.00 (0.85–1.17) | 0.88 (0.75–1.03) | 0.88 (0.75–1.04) | 0.0537 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (0.85–1.17) | 1.02 (0.87–1.20) | 0.90 (0.76–1.07) | 0.93 (0.78–1.10) | 0.2375 |
| Dyslipidemia | ||||||
| Cases, n | 1299 | 1282 | 1344 | 1338 | 1346 | |
| Model 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 0.97 (0.90–1.05) | 0.4501 |
| Model 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 0.98 (0.90–1.06) | 0.6362 |
HEXA-G: Health Examinees Gem; RR (95% CI); Model 1: Adjusted for age (continuous), and BMI (continuous); Model 2: Additionally adjusted for education level (under middle school, high school, or over college), smoking status (never, past, or current smoker), alcohol consumption (non-drinker or current drinker), physical activity (yes or no), energy intake (continuous).