Table 5.
The effects of the intervention with iron supplementation (40 or 20 mg/day) throughout pregnancy on hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels and on the risk of ID, anemia, IDA, and hemoconcentration on the third trimester in women from Stratum 2.
| Hemoglobin levels | ||||
| Independent variables | β | SE | p | Model |
| a Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | −1.91 | 1.44 | 0.188 | R2 = 0.004 p = 0.188 |
| b Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | −2.50 | 1.47 | 0.092 | R2 = 0.116 p = 0.003 |
| Genotype HFE (0:WT/WT, 1: carrier of H63D) | 3.93 | 1.74 | 0.025 | |
| Genotype HFE (0:WT/WT, 1: C282Y/WT) | 1.34 | 3.70 | 0.718 | |
| Hemoglobin on week 12 of pregnancy | 0.72 | 0.16 | <0.001 | |
| Serum ferritin levels | ||||
| Independent variables | β | SE | p | Model |
| a Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.734 | R2 = −0.003 p = 0.734 |
| c Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.954 | R2 = 0.218 p < 0.001 |
| Maternal age (0:25–34 years, 1:<25 years) | −0.28 | 0.11 | 0.013 | |
| Maternal age (0:25–34 years, 1:≥35 years) | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.221 | |
| Serum ferritin on week 12 of pregnancy | 0.42 | 0.06 | <0.001 | |
| Low iron stores (0:no, 1:yes) | ||||
| Independent variables | OR | 95% CI | p | Model |
| a Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | 1.18 | 0.64–2.17 | 0.590 | R2 Nagelkerke = 0.002 p = 0.590 |
| c Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | 1.45 | 0.69–3.02 | 0.326 | R2 Nagelkerke = 0.229 p = 0.003 |
| Maternal age (0:25–34 years, 1:<25 years) | 3.07 | 0.78–12.12 | 0.109 | |
| Maternal age (0:25–34 years, 1:≥35 years) | 0.37 | 0.16–0.91 | 0.029 | |
| Serum ferritin on week 12 of pregnancy | 0.36 | 0.19–0.68 | 0.002 | |
| Anemia (0:no, 1:yes) | ||||
| Independent variables | OR | 95% CI | p | Model |
| a Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | 1.48 | 0.56–3.96 | 0.428 | R2 Nagelkerke = 0.007 p = 0.426 |
| b Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | 2.01 | 0.44–9.09 | 0.364 | R2 Nagelkerke = 0.468 p = 0.002 |
| SES (0:low; 1:middle + high) | 0.06 | 0.01–0.40 | 0.003 | |
| Serum ferritin on week 12 of pregnancy | 0.26 | 0.08–0.66 | 0.023 | |
| Iron–deficiency anemia (0:no, 1:yes) | ||||
| Independent variables | OR | 95% CI | p | Model |
| a Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | 1.78 | 0.62–4.74 | 0.295 | R2 Nagelkerke = 0.013 p = 0.291 |
| b Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | 2.01 | 0.44–9.09 | 0.364 | R2 Nagelkerke = 0.468 p = 0.002 |
| SES (0:low; 1:middle + high) | 0.06 | 0.01–0.40 | 0.003 | |
| Serum ferritin on week 12 of pregnancy | 0.26 | 0.08–0.66 | 0.023 | |
| Hemoconcentration (0:no, 1:yes) | ||||
| Independent variables | OR | 95% CI | p | Model |
| a Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | 0.48 | 0.22–1.05 | 0.067 | R2 Nagelkerke = 0.031 p = 0.060 |
| b Intervention (0:40 mg/d, 1:20 mg/d) | 0.31 | 0.11–0.92 | 0.035 | R2 Nagelkerke = 0.282 p = 0.004 |
| Hemoglobin on week 12 of pregnancy | 1.20 | 1.08–1.33 | 0.001 | |
| Genotype HFE (0:WT/WT, 1: carrier of H63D) | 3.09 | 1.10–8.71 | 0.033 | |
| Genotype HFE (0:WT/WT, 1: C282Y/WT) | 0.00 | . | 0.999 |
a Crude model. b Adjusted for: iron supplementation dosage, maternal age, use of hormonal contraception, pre–pregnancy maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain, HFE gene genotypes, maternal ethnic origin, hemoglobin on week 12, serum ferritin on week 12, c–reactive protein on week 12, socioeconomic status, weekly mean of METS on week 12, smoking habit, alcohol intake, planned pregnancy, parity, mean caloric intake during pregnancy, and adherence to a Mediterranean diet. c Adjusted for: model b, except for hemoglobin on week 12.