. 2019 Oct 8;11(10):2401. doi: 10.3390/nu11102401

Table 2.

Apoptosis inducing dietary compounds originated from fungi.

Compound	Classification	Source	Organism	Cell Line/Animal Model	Dose; Duration	Mechanism	Reference
Artepillin C	Phenolic acid	Propolis	Fungus	CRPC CWR22Rv1	50 μM/24 h	c-PARP, c-caspase-3 ↑	[56]
Diketopiperazine disulfide glionitrin A	Diketopiperazine metabolite	Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen. Sphingomonas sp. (KMK-001)	Fungus	(1) DU145	(1) 0.75, 1.5, 3 μM/24 h	(1) c-caspase-8, -9, -3, c-PARP, Bax ↑	[57]
Diketopiperazine disulfide glionitrin A	Diketopiperazine metabolite	Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen. Sphingomonas sp. (KMK-001)	Fungus	(2) Five weeks-old male BALB/c-nu mice (17–22 g) b earing xenografts of DU145 c ells	(2) 5, 10 mg/kg/27 d	Bid, PARP ↓	[57]
D-Trp isomerized CJ-15, 208	Macrocyclic Peptide	Fungus	Fungus	PC3	10 μM/24, 48 h		[58]
(cyclo [Phe-D-Pro-Phe-Trp])	Macrocyclic Peptide	Fungus	Fungus	PC3	10 μM/24, 48 h		[58]
Malformin A1	Quassinoids	Aspergillus niger Tiegh.	Fungus	PC3, LNCaP	150 nM/6, 12, 24 h	c-caspase-3, c-PARP ↑	[59]
Malformin A1	Quassinoids	Aspergillus niger Tiegh.	Fungus	PC3, LNCaP	150 nM/6, 12, 24 h	Bcl-2 ↓	[59]
Viriditoxin	N/A	Paecilomyces variotii (Bissochlamys spectabilis Udagawa and Shoji Suzuki)	Fungus	LNCaP	0.1, 0.5, 1 μM/48 h	c-PARP, Bax and cytochrome c, c-caspase-3 ↑	[60]
Viriditoxin	N/A		Fungus	LNCaP	0.1, 0.5, 1 μM/48 h	Bcl-2 ↓	[60]

N/A, not available; ↑, up-regulated; ↓, down-regulated.