Figure 1.

Schematic of different formulations of biomimetic nanovaccines and their advantages. a) Biomimetic nanovaccines maintain the germinal center and B-cells inside our body, which are responsible for the release of antiviral neutralizing antibody against viruses, b) biomimetic nanovaccines strengthen the humoral immune response by inducing higher DC maturation and stimulating cytotoxic T-cell to kill cancer cells, c) biomimetic nanovaccines can target infected blood cells, and induce a strong immune response inside our body, and d) biomimetic nanovaccines are suitable candidates for carrying antigens, adjuvants, and therapeutic molecules. (MPLA: monophosphoryl lipid A, STING: stimulator of interferon gene, POLY (I:C): polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, MPER: membrane-proximal external region, HER-2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, OVA: ovalbumin and MSP: merozoite surface protein).