Figure 4.

Schematics of the various applications of biomimetic nanovaccines. a) Biomimetic nanovaccines with adjuvants, antigens, and antibodies can trigger dendritic cell maturation and stimulate cytotoxic T-cell to induce a strong immune response against tumor, b) biomimetic nanovaccines can actively target the cancer cell, and effectively deliver the therapeutic drugs, c) biomimetic nanovaccines act as a natural substrate for the adsorption of pore-forming toxins, and d) biomimetic nanovaccines can bind to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viruses with CD-4 receptors, and prevent the host cell from HIV virus infections.