Table 3.

List of biomimetic nanovaccines for various treatments.

Type of Biomimetic Nanoparticle (NP)	Therapeutic Cargo	Application	Reference
Liposome	Hepa 1-6 cell lysate and Poly I:C	High tumor specific CTL immune response	[145]
	P5 peptide and Poly I:C	CTL immune response and anti-cancer therapy	[130]
	Tumor associated ESO-1 antigen and IL-1, MAP-IFN-γ	Fcγ receptor targeting and anti-cancer therapy	[146]
	OVA antigen	CTL response and cancer immune therapy	[147]
	Endolysin	Degradation of bacterial protein and anti-bacterial therapy	[102]
	Env-2-3-SF2, IL-7	Strong antibody response and anti-HIV therapy	[107]
	MPER and MPLA, STING, cdGMP	Strong T-cell response and anti-HIV therapy	[108]
	MSP-1	Activation of epidermal APC	[121]
Virus like NP	CFP 10	CTL activity, Th1 immune response, and anti-bacterial therapy	[101]
	HIV env antigen	Maintaining the germinal center, and releasing neutralizing antibody for anti-HIV therapy	[110]
	CSP-hepatitis B surface antigen and Abisco-100, Matrix-M	Targeting infected erythrocytes and CD8 + T-cell responses in anti-malaria therapy	[123]
	HER-2 antigen	Th1 & Th2 type antibody response and anti-cancer therapy	[139]
Outer membrane coated nanovaccine	Alum adjuvant	Th2 type immune response anti-bacterial therapy	[148]
RBC membrane coated Nanovaccine	None	Adsorption of bacterial endotoxin	[149]
	None	Natural substrate for PFT for Anti-melittin therapy	[142]
T-cell coated Nanovaccine	None	Inhibition of viral attack to host cell	[113]
Cancer cell membrane coated Nanovaccine	PD-L 1 siRNA	Tumor targeting and anti-cancer therapy	[132]
	CpG oligodeoxynucleotide	Stimulation of APC maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in anti-cancer therapy	[134]

(Poly I:C -Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, ESO 1- esophageal cancer, MAP-IFN-γ - multiple antigenic peptide- interferon -γ, Env- envelope glycoprotein, MPER- membrane-proximal external region, MPLA- monophosphoryl lipid A, STING- stimulator of interferon gene, cdGMP- cyclic-di-GMPHER-2: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, OVA: ovalbumin and MSP: merozoite surface protein, CFP-10- culture filtrate protein 10).