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Mechanisms of ether ring formation relevant to dinoflagellate polyethers according to Baldwin’s rules. (A) Exo-trig cyclization of a hydroxyl group to a carbonyl group or a double bond. (B) Endo-trig cyclization of a hydroxyl group to a double bond. (C) Exo-tet cyclization of a hydroxyl group to a hydroxyl group or the opening of an epoxide. (D) Endo-tet cyclization of the opening of an epoxide.
