Table 3.
Daily nutrient intake of participants and non-participants in the school milk program in South Korea.
| Nutrients | Boys | Girls | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | Non-Participants | Total | Participants | Non-Participants | Total | |
| Energy (kcal) | 2280.7 ± 55.0 1,***,2 | 1888.0 ± 57.7 | 2093.0 ± 39.9 3 | 1965.1 ± 36.1 *** | 1720.1 ± 34.7 | 1838.0 ± 24.7 |
| Protein (g) | 91.4 ± 2.9 *** | 74.3 ± 3.0 | 83.2 ± 2.0 | 75.3 ± 1.6 ** | 67.5 ± 1.6 | 71.2 ± 1.1 |
| Fiber (g) | 17.9 ± 0.4 *** | 15.4 ± 0.4 | 16.7 ± 0.3 | 16.3 ± 0.4 ** | 14.6 ± 0.3 | 15.4 ± 0.2 |
| Vitamin A (μg RAE) | 858.3 ± 26.7 *** | 628.6 ± 28.0 | 748.5 ± 19.5 | 782.3 ± 23.2 *** | 653.3 ± 22.2 | 715.3 ± 15.7 |
| Vitamin D (μg/d) | 7.4 ± 0.3 *** | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.2 | 5.2 ± 0.2 *** | 3.3 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.1 |
| Vitamin E (mg α-TE) | 20.4 ± 1.5 NS | 17.1 ± 1.6 | 18.8 ± 1.0 | 16.1 ± 0.5 ** | 13.8 ± 0.5 | 14.9 ± 0.3 |
| Vitamin K (μg) | 158.8 ± 7.2 *** | 116.5 ± 7.5 | 138.6 ± 5.1 | 136.7 ± 5.2 *** | 106.6 ± 5.0 | 121.1 ± 3.6 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 73.2 ± 2.4 *** | 48.8 ± 2.6 | 61.5 ± 1.8 | 70.6 ± 2.1 *** | 56.1 ± 2.0 | 63.1 ± 1.4 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg) | 1.8 ± 0.1 * | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.0 ** | 1.4 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.0 |
| Vitamin B2 (mg) | 1.8 ± 0.1 *** | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.0 *** | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.0 |
| Niacin (mg NE) | 18.5 ± 0.6 ** | 15.9 ± 0.6 | 17.3 ± 0.4 | 15.5 ± 0.4 NS | 14.8 ± 0.4 | 15.1 ± 0.3 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 1.8 ± 0.1 *** | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.0 * | 1.4 ± 0.0 | 1.4 ± 0.0 |
| Folic acid (μg DFE) | 451.5 ± 10.2 *** | 350.4 ± 10.7 | 403.2 ± 7.6 | 409.7 ± 8.9 *** | 330.5 ± 8.5 | 368.6 ± 6.2 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 9.0 ± 0.3 *** | 5.5 ± 0.3 | 7.3 ± 0.2 | 7.3 ± 0.2 *** | 5.8 ± 0.2 | 6.5 ± 0.2 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg) | 6.5 ± 0.2 *** | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 5.7 ± 0.1 | 5.5 ± 0.1 *** | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.1 |
| Biotin (μg) | 20.9 ± 0.9 ** | 17.0 ± 0.9 | 19.1 ± 0.6 | 17.9 ± 0.6 ** | 15.4 ± 0.5 | 16.6 ± 0.4 |
| Calcium (mg) | 664.5 ± 15.8 *** | 392.5 ± 16.6 | 534.4 ± 14.4 | 622.6 ± 14.1 *** | 408.8 ± 13.5 | 511.7 ± 11.4 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 1298.7 ± 32.1 *** | 1009.3 ± 33.6 | 1160.3 ± 24.0 | 1115.6 ± 21.3 *** | 940.7 ± 20.4 | 1024.9 ± 14.9 |
| Sodium (mg) | 4433.4 ± 114.8 *** | 3760.7 ± 120.3 | 4111.8 ± 81.5 | 3916.2 ± 91.6 *** | 3335.5 ± 87.9 | 3614.9 ± 62.1 |
| Chlorine (mg) | 880.7 ± 58.7 *** | 577.8 ± 61.6 | 735.9 ± 41.7 | 736.7 ± 60.7 * | 562.4 ± 58.2 | 646.3 ± 40.5 |
| Potassium (mg) | 2752.9 ± 52.5 *** | 2055.8 ± 55.0 | 2419.6 ± 41.7 | 2450.6 ± 46.9 *** | 2039.7 ± 45.0 | 2237.4 ± 33.1 |
| Magnesium (mg) | 71.4 ± 2.4 * | 64.2 ± 2.5 | 67.9 ± 1.7 | 70.3 ± 2.2 NS | 70.5 ± 2.2 | 70.4 ± 1.5 |
| Iron (mg) | 14.9 ± 0.3 *** | 11.6 ± 0.4 | 13.3 ± 0.3 | 12.7 ± 0.3 *** | 11.3 ± 0.3 | 12.0 ± 0.2 |
| Zinc (mg) | 12.9 ± 0.3 *** | 10.1 ± 0.4 | 11.6 ± 0.2 | 10.9 ± 0.2 *** | 9.5 ± 0.2 | 10.1 ± 0.1 |
| Copper (mg) | 1058.5 ± 24.8 *** | 865.6 ± 26.0 | 966.3 ± 17.9 | 945.1 ± 19.0* | 891.2 ± 18.2 | 917.2 ± 12.6 |
| Manganese (mg) | 3.3 ± 0.1 *** | 2.9 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.1 ** | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 2.9 ± 0.0 |
| Iodine (μg) | 469.0 ± 36.0 *** | 134.6 ± 37.7 | 309.1 ± 26.3 | 746.0 ± 45.3 *** | 86.6 ± 43.5 | 403.9 ± 33.9 |
| Selenium (μg) | 123.7 ± 3.4 ** | 108.1 ± 3.6 | 116.2 ± 2.4 | 102.0 ± 2.2 NS | 98.6 ± 2.1 | 100.2 ± 1.4 |
1 Mean ± Standard error of mean after adjusting for age and height. 2 * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001. NS: not significant difference (α = 0.05). 3 Mean ± Standard error of mean.