Table 4.

Effect of feeding control ¹ or two functional foods (FF1 and FF2) ² for six months (T6) on body composition, renal function, and serum metabolite concentrations in cats compared with their baseline values (T0) ³.

Variables	Renal-Protective Foods			SEM	p-Values for Food Effect 4	p-Values for Food Comparisons 5		p-Values for Time Effect 4
	Control	FF1	FF2			FF1 vs. Control	FF2 vs. Control
Body Mass and Composition:
Body Weight, kg 6
Initial, T0	4.45	4.73	4.23	0.25
Change, T6 − T0	−0.07	−0.10	−0.03	0.07	0.58	0.37	0.83	0.98
Lean Body, % 7
Initial, T0	75	75.4	80.4	2.1
Change, T6 − T0	0.9	2.7	4.5	1.0	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Renal Function:
Glomerular Filtration Rate, mL/min/kg
Initial, T0	1.85	2.01	1.85	0.04
Change, T6 − T0	0.23	0.30	0.27	0.11	0.86	0.65	0.82	<0.01
Serum Biochemistries:
Creatinine, mg/dL
Initial, T0	1.15	1.13	1.20	0.062
Change, T6 − T0	0.04	−0.19	−0.05	0.047	0.07	<0.01	0.2	<0.01
SDMA, μg/dL
Initial, T0	10.9	10.9	11.1	0.29
Change, T6 − T0	−0.67	−1.76	−0.31	0.33	<0.01	<0.01	0.85	<0.01
BUN, mg/dL
Initial, T0	19.8	20.1	20.3	0.6
Change, T6 − T0	1.52	1.32	3.32	0.6	0.09	0.85	0.08	<0.01
Total Protein, mg/dL
Initial, T0	7.22	6.44	6.39	0.05
Change, T6 − T0	−0.10	0.82	1.02	0.11	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
Albumin, mg/dL
Initial, T0	2.83	2.8	2.77	0.05
Change, T6 − T0	−0.33	0.04	0.01	0.05	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01	0.04

¹ Control food was prepared by Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc. and was similar to the pre-trial food in protein and fat content, but had added fiber, fish oil, α-tocopheryl acetate, and ascorbyl monophosphate. ² The two functional foods differed from control food in degree of supplementation with functional lipids, botanicals (fruit and vegetables), as well as pea and chicken protein concentrations. ³ Values are LSM, n = 15 (control), n = 15 (FF1), n = 14 (FF2). ⁴ To determine food and time main effects, data were analyzed as repeated-measures-in-time, randomized design using GLM in PROC MIXED and the Satterthwaite approximation to determine the denominator degrees of freedom for the tests of fixed effects. ⁵ To determine whether food effects were different between control food and functional food diets, we compared changes (difference between values at six months and baseline; T6 − T0) for cats fed control food and experimental foods (change for cats fed FF1 vs. change for control; and change for cats fed FF2 vs. change for control), using an unpaired t-test. ⁶ Body mass and composition were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan analysis.