Table 3.
Effect sizes for taste – difference in food intake in cancer patients.
| Taste | Food-Related | Intake a or Change in Intake b in Patients with Low DT (Mean ± SD). | Intake a or Change in Intake b in Patients with High DT (Mean ± SD). | Effect d (95% CI) |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweet | Zinc (mg/day) | 17 ± 7 a | 9.6 ± 4.5 a | 1.18 (0.41, 1.96) | Sánchez-Lara, 2010 [24] |
| Sweet | Fat (g/day) | +27.39 b | −15.1 b | 0.97 (0.31, 1.62) | Turcott, 2016 [26] |
| Sweet | Carbohydrate (g/day) | 240 ± 84 a | 167 ± 81 a | 0.88 (0.13, 1.63) | Sánchez-Lara, 2010 [24] |
| Sweet | Animal protein (g/day) | +18.6 b | −15.1 b | 0.86 (0.21, 1.51) | Turcott, 2016 [26] |
| Sweet | Protein (g/day) | +30.8 b | −7.9 b | 0.81 (0.16, 1.45) | Turcott, 2016 [26] |
| Sweet | Calories (kcal/day) | 1970 ± 658 a | 1450 ± 833 a | 0.69 (−0.04, 1.43) | Sánchez-Lara, 2010 [24] |
| Sweet | Iron (mg/day) | +8.4 b | −1.11 b | 0.65 (0.01, 1.29) | Turcott, 2016 [26] |
| Sweet | Appetite * | 0.59 (0.00, 1.18) | Carson, 1997 [20] | ||
| Sweet | Protein (g/day) | 74 ± 45 a | 53 ± 32 a | 0.54 (−0.19, 1.27) | Sánchez-Lara, 2010 [24] |
| Bitter | Calories/day | 2124 ± 812 a | 1493 ± 452 a | 0.96 (0.20, 1.72) | Sánchez-Lara, 2010 [24] |
| Bitter | Carbohydrate (g/day) | 254 ± 98 a | 182 ± 58 a | 0.89 (0.14, 1.64) | Sánchez-Lara, 2010 [24] |
| Bitter | Fat (g/day) | 87 ± 38 a | 62 ± 22 a | 0.81 (0.06, 1.55) | Sánchez-Lara, 2010 [24] |
| Bitter | Protein (g/day) | 83 ± 53 a | 52 ± 17 a | 0.79 (0.04, 1.53) | Sánchez-Lara, 2010 [24] |
Effect size d represents the standardized difference of means in food intake, calculated based on mean, standard deviation (SD), p-value, and sample size provided in the literature, between patients with a low/decreased DT and patients with high/increased DT. CI—95% confidence interval. a Mean intake in patients with low DT. b Change in the mean intake in patients with a decreased DT. * The study only reported the number of patients with increased or decreased appetite after chemotherapy and the significance (p-value) of the difference. “+” denotes an increase in intake.