Table 6.
Direct, Indirect and Total Effects for Mediation of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet-Mortality Relationships by Allostatic Load Index—2001–2010 NHANES *.
| Direct Effect | Indirect Effect | Total Effect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | 95% CI | Estimate | 95% CI | Estimate | 95% CI | |
| All-Cause Mortality: | ||||||
| DASH total score (continuous) | 0.94 | 0.92, 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.99, 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.92, 0.97 |
| DASH total score (<4.5 vs. ≥4.5) | 1.24 | 1.14, 1.36 | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.00 | 1.24 | 1.14, 1.36 |
| DASH component 1 (Sat. Fat) | 0.77 | 0.69, 0.87 | 0.99 | 0.99, 1.00 | 0.77 | 0.69, 0.87 |
| DASH component 2 (Tot. Fat) | 1.07 | 0.99, 1.17 | 0.99 | 0.99, 1.00 | 1.07 | 0.99, 1.17 |
| DASH component 3 (Protein) | 0.79 | 0.73, 0.86 | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.00 | 0.79 | 0.73, 0.86 |
| DASH component 4 (Cholesterol) | 1.03 | 0.95, 1.13 | 0.99 | 0.99, 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.94, 1.13 |
| DASH component 5 (Fiber) | 0.84 | 0.74, 0.94 | 0.99 | 0.98, 1.00 | 0.84 | 0.75, 0.94 |
| DASH component 6 (Magnesium) | 0.95 | 0.84, 1.08 | 0.99 | 0.99, 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.84, 1.07 |
| DASH component 7 (Calcium) | 0.88 | 0.80, 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.99, 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.80, 0.97 |
| DASH component 8 (Potassium) | 4.63 | 1.79, 11.95 | 1.01 | 0.99, 1.02 | 4.67 | 1.81, 12.04 |
| DASH component 9 (Sodium) | 0.56 | 0.40, 0.79 | 0.99 | 0.99, 1.00 | 0.56 | 0.40, 0.79 |
| Cardiovascular disease-specific Mortality: | ||||||
| DASH total score (continuous) | 1.06 | 0.94, 1.21 | 0.99 | 0.98, 0.99 | 1.06 | 0.93, 1.20 |
| DASH total score (<4.5 vs. ≥4.5) | 0.84 | 0.57, 1.25 | 1.02 | 1.00, 1.04 | 0.86 | 0.58, 1.28 |
| DASH component 1 (Sat. Fat) | 1.27 | 0.74, 2.20 | 0.97 | 0.95, 0.99 | 1.24 | 0.73, 2.14 |
| DASH component 2 (Tot. Fat) | 1.23 | 0.82, 1.85 | 0.98 | 0.97, 0.99 | 1.21 | 0.81, 1.83 |
| DASH component 3 (Protein) | 0.78 | 0.52, 1.16 | 1.01 | 0.99, 1.01 | 0.79 | 0.53, 1.18 |
| DASH component 4 (Cholesterol) | 1.18 | 0.77, 1.79 | 0.98 | 0.96, 0.99 | 1.15 | 0.76, 1.75 |
| DASH component 5 (Fiber) | 1.22 | 0.72, 2.06 | 0.96 | 0.94, 0.99 | 1.17 | 0.69, 1.98 |
| DASH component 6 (Magnesium) | 1.48 | 0.84, 2.61 | 0.96 | 0.92, 0.99 | 1.42 | 0.80, 2.50 |
| DASH component 7 (Calcium) | 1.06 | 0.68, 1.67 | 0.99 | 0.99, 1.00 | 1.07 | 0.68, 1.67 |
| DASH component 8 (Potassium) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| DASH component 9 (Sodium) | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Cancer-specific Mortality: | ||||||
| DASH total score (continuous) | 0.92 | 0.82, 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.82, 1.03 |
| DASH total score (<4.5 vs. ≥4.5) | 1.13 | 0.79, 1.61 | 0.99 | 0.98, 1.02 | 1.13 | .79, 1.61 |
| DASH component 1 (Sat. Fat) | 0.67 | 0.42, 1.06 | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.02 | 0.67 | 0.43, 1.06 |
| DASH component 2 (Tot. Fat) | 0.92 | 0.65, 1.28 | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.01 | 0.92 | 0.66, 1.28 |
| DASH component 3 (Protein) | 1.10 | 0.80, 1.51 | 0.99 | 0.99, 1.01 | 1.10 | 0.80, 1.51 |
| DASH component 4 (Cholesterol) | 0.68 | 0.47, 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.02 | 0.69 | 0.47, 1.00 |
| DASH component 5 (Fiber) | 0.65 | 0.39, 1.06 | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.03 | 0.65 | 0.39, 1.07 |
| DASH component 6 (Magnesium) | 0.99 | 0.60, 1.65 | 1.00 | .97, 1.04 | 0.99 | 0.60, 1.65 |
| DASH component 7 (Calcium) | 0.95 | 0.65, 1.38 | 1.00 | 0.99, 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.65, 1.39 |
| DASH component 8 (Potassium) | 2.04 | 0.043, 96.77 | 0.99 | 0.94, 1.06 | 2.03 | 0.043, 96.41 |
| DASH component 9 (Sodium) | 1.02 | 0.23, 4.57 | 1.00 | 0.98, 1.01 | 1.02 | 0.22, 4.58 |
* All models are adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health characteristics. Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval, DASH = Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.