Figure 2.

Astragalus polysaccharide (PG2) enhances M1 polarization and down-regulates IL-4/IL-13-induced M2 polarization. Images from flow cytometric analyses showing (A) the differentiation of THP-1 monocyte into macrophages after 24 h incubation in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), (B) incubation of MDM in IL-4 and IL-13 induced a CD206^highCD80^low M2 phenotype, while (C) incubation of MDM in PG2 16 mg/mL for 48 h induced a CD80^highCD206^low M1 phenotype. (D) A graphical representation of the differential effect of IL-4/IL-13 and low dose (8 mg/mL) or high dose (16 mg/mL) PG2 treatment on M1–M2 polarization. **p < 0.01