Figure 5.
PG2 suppresses tumorigenicity and metastasis in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and potentiates cisplatin anticancer effect in vivo by modulating inflammation-associated macrophage activity and angiogenesis. (A) Photo images show the anticancer effect of cisplatin and/or PG2 in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice inoculated with 1.5 × 103 LLC1 cells. (B) Graphical representation of the effect of cisplatin and/or PG2 on the tumor size, tumor weight, and body weight in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice inoculated with LLC1 cells. (C) Photo images show the effect of cisplatin and/or PG2 on metastasis in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice inoculated with LLC1 cells. (D) Immunofluorescent staining showed that PG2 or cisplatin alone mildly reduced the expression of beta subunit (NF-κB), CD11b, and CD31, while combining cisplatin with PG2 significantly inhibited their expression in the tissue specimen. Red arrow, liver metastasis; ns, not significant; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide