| K. | Kaempheria |
| Sp. | Species |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| AHC | Agglomerative hierarchical clustering |
| CCA | Significant Cholangiocarcinoma |
| HSC-2 | Mouth squamous cell carcinoma |
| EAC | Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cancer cells |
| HL-60 | Human leukemia cancer cells |
| CL-6 | Human cholangiocarcinoma cells |
| TKI | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
| BCRP | Breast cancer resistance protein |
| MTT | (3-[4,5,[4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay |
| CH2Cl2 | Dichloromethane |
| BChE | Butyrylcholinesterase |
| NO | Nitric oxide |
| CUPRAC | Modified cupric reducing antioxidant capacity |
| PDE5 | Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor |
| AP | Aerial parts |
| AChE | Acetylcholinesterase |
| RBL-2H3 | Rat Basophilic Leukemia cells |
| P38 | Type of mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| STAT1 and 3 | Signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 and 3 |
| MeOH | Methanol |
| EtOAc | Ethyl acetate |
| MCF-7 | Breast cancer cells |
| HT-29 | Colorectal adenocarcinoma cell |
| PMF | Polymethoxyflavonoid-rich fraction |
| TSOD | Tsumura Suzuki obese diabetes |
| GGPP | (E,E,E)-Geranylgeranyl diphosphate |
| CPP | Copalyl diphosphate |
| CPS | Copalyl diphosphate synthases |
| EtOH | Ethanol |
| AChE | Acetylcholinesterase |
| ABTS | 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) assay |
| Vpr | Viral protein R |
| DPPH | 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay |
| FRAP | Ferric reducing antioxidant power |
| CYP3A | Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor pathway |
| Rh | Rhizomes |
| BChE | Butyrylcholinesterase |
| STZ | Streptozotocin |
| MPO | myeloperoxidase |
| DMF | Dimethylformamide |
| MAPKs | Type of mitogen-activated protein kinases |
| PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |