Skip to main content
. 2019 Oct 11;11(10):2421. doi: 10.3390/nu11102421

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Melatonin and serotonin treatment significantly enhanced VEGF-induced Akt phosphorylation; hydroxytyrosol significantly increased pAkt/Akt and peNOS/eNOS ratios. HUVECs were treated with (A) melatonin (1 mM) and serotonin (1 mM); (B–D) 3-indolacetic acid (1 mM) and 5-hydroxytryptophol (1 mM); and (E and F) hydroxytyrosol (50 μM) for 4 h and then incubated with VEGF (25 ng/mL) for 60 min. Western blot membranes were incubated with anti-Akt and anti-p-Akt antibodies and anti-eNOS and anti-p-eNOS antibodies. Data representations of the p-Akt/Akt and peNOS/eNOS ratios are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 4). * p <0.05; ** p < 0.01 versus negative control. IAA: 3-indolacetic acid; 5-HTOL: 5-hydroxytryptophol; Mel: melatonin; Ser: serotonin.