Table 3.

Standardized autoregressive and cross-lagged paths coefficients of obesity (waist-to-hip ratio and BMI) and the latent variables of executive function and episodic memory.

	Unadjusted Cross-Lagged Panel Model	Cross-Lagged Panel with Demographic and SES Covariates	Cross-Lagged Panel with Demographic, SES, and Health Covariates
Waist-to-Hip Ratio
Autoregressive Paths
WHRT1 → WHRT2	0.551 (0.023) **	0.420 (0.030) **	0.415 (0.030) **
EFT1 → EFT2	0.943 (0.011) **	0.890 (0.020) **	0.887 (0.020) **
EMT1 → EMT2	0.473 (0.024) **	0.409 (0.026) **	0.407 (0.026) **
Cross-Lagged Paths
WHRT1 → EFT2	−0.024 (0.012) †	−0.013 (0.014)	−0.010 (0.014)
WHRT1 → EMT2	−0.125 (0.017) **	−0.045 (0.019) *	−0.044 (0.019) *
EFT1 → WHRT2	0.009 (0.025)	−0.073 (0.034) **	−0.067 (0.033) *
EFT1 → EMT2	0.217 (0.024) **	0.179 (0.033) **	0.176 (0.033) **
EMT1 → WHRT2	−0.074 (0.023) *	−0.002 (0.024)	−0.002 (0.024)
EMT1 → EFT2	−0.002 (0.016)	−0.021 (0.017)	−0.022 (0.017)
Body Mass Index
Autoregressive Paths
BMIT1 → BMIT2	0.857 (0.009) **	0.850 (0.010) **	0.844 (0.011) **
EFT1 → EFT2	0.942 (0.011) **	0.891 (0.020) **	0.888 (0.020) **
EMT1 → EMT2	0.506 (0.023) **	0.410 (0.026) **	0.409 (0.026) **
Cross−Lagged Paths
BMIT1 → EFT2	−0.002 (0.012)	−0.010 (0.012)	−0.007 (0.012)
BMIT1 → EMT2	0.015 (0.019)	0.007 (0.018)	0.005 (0.019)
EFT1 → BMIT2	0.021 (0.016)	−0.010 (0.022)	−0.010 (0.023)
EFT1 → EMT2	0.206 (0.024) **	0.183 (0.033) **	0.181 (0.033) **
EMT1 → BMIT2	0.030 (0.015) *	0.012 (0.016)	0.011 (0.016)
EMT1 → EFT2	−0.003 (0.016)	−0.021 (0.017)	−0.022 (0.017)

Note: Standardized errors shown in parentheses. EF = executive function, EM = episodic memory. ^† p < 0.10 * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.