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. 2019 Nov 7;19:478. doi: 10.1186/s12870-019-1993-6

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Transient expression of VdMYB1 in grapevine leaves affects defense responses. a Trypan blue stained grapevine leaves inoculated with E. necator at 6 dpi. OE VdMYB1 #1, OE VdMYB1 #2, OE VdMYB1 #3 represent three independent replicates. b Number of conidiophores per colony of E. necator on grapevine leaves at 4 and 6 dpi. This method was used to quantify fungal growth on grapevine leaves. Error bars represent SD of three independent biological replicates (n = 30). c Kinetics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production monitored over 60 min in leaf challenge with E. necator. Error bars represent SD of three biological replicates. d-f Expression of defense-related genes in VdMYB1-overexpressing leaves and mock leaves. Relative transcript levels of VdPR1, VdPDF1.2, and VdSTS2 were examined at various times using qRT-PCR. The VdGAPDH gene was used as an internal control. Error bars represent SD of three biological replicates per genotype and time -point. Hpi, hours post inoculation. g Measurement of trans-resveratrol content in mock and VdMYB1-overexpressing leaves after pathogen infection using high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mock: leaves infiltrated with Agrobacterium carrying no vector. The data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01)