Table 8.

Theories used by theory-guided studies (n = 86)

Applied theories*	Number of studies
Roger’s theory/diffusion of innovation	13
Normalization process theory	10
Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework	9
Theory of planned behavior	9
Plan-Do-Study-Act Framework	7
Theoretical Domains Framework	6
Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research	5
Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance Framework	4
Behavior Change Theory	3
Carrol et al. Framework for Intervention Fidelity	3
Grol and Wensing Theoretical Framework	3
Hulsher et al. Process Evaluation Framework	3
Medical Research Council Framework	3
Braun and Clarke Thematic Analysis in Psychology	2
Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick Training Program Evaluation Model	2
Ottawa Model of Research Use	2
Precede/Proceed Implementation Model	2
Prochaska and DiClemente Stages of Change Model	2
Other	19
Total	86

*Some studies had multiple theories guiding the process evaluation