Table 3.
Factors Associated with Pulmonary cavitation of TB patients in Somali region, Ethiopia, December 2017 to October 2018
| Characteristics (n = 434) | Total PTB cases n (%) | Cavitary TB n (%) | P-value | PR (95% CI) | P-value | APR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 161 (37.1) | 70 (43.5) | 0.49* | 1 | – | – |
| Male | 273 (62.9) | 128 (46.9) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | |||
| Age | ||||||
| 15 to 35 | 251 (57.8) | 125 (49.8) | 0.04 | 1.3 (1.01, 1.6) | 0.04 | 1.3 (1.01, 1.6) |
| 36+ | 183 (42.2) | 73 (39.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Livelihood | ||||||
| Pastoralism | 202 (46.5) | 96 (47.5) | 0.45* | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | – | – |
| Non-pastoralism | 232 (53.5) | 102 (44.0) | 1 | |||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Ever smoker | 45 (10.4) | 23 (51.1) | 0.40* | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | – | – |
| Never smoker | 389 (89.6) | 175 (45.0) | 1 | |||
| BCG scar | ||||||
| Yes | 52 (12.0) | 26 (50.0) | 0.48* | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | – | – |
| No | 382 (88.0) | 172 (45.0) | 1 | |||
| Chronic diseases (HTP/CHD/CRD) | ||||||
| Yes | 20 (4.6) | 12 (60) | 0.13 | 1.3 (0.9, 1.9) | 0.006 | 1.8 (1.2, 2.6) |
| No | 414 (95.4) | 186 (44.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| MUAC female (n = 161) | ||||||
| Low (≤23 cm) | 93 (57.8) | 51 (54.8) | 0.002 | 2.0 (1.3, 3.0) | 0.01 | 1.8 (1.13, 2.8) |
| High (> 23 cm) | 68 (42.2) | 19 (27.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| MUAC male (n = 273) | ||||||
| Low (≤23 cm) | 154 (56.4) | 74 (48.1) | 0.63* | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | – | – |
| High (> 23 cm) | 119 (43.6) | 54 (45.4) | 1 | |||
| BMI | ||||||
| Low (< 18.5) | 304 (70.0) | 149 (49.0) | 0.04 | 1.3 (1.01, 1.7) | 0.23 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) |
| High (≥18.5) | 130 (30.0) | 49 (37.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Prior history of TB | ||||||
| Yes | 65 (15.0) | 31 (47.7) | 0.71* | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | – | – |
| No | 369 (85.0) | 167 (45.3) | 1 | |||
| Delay in diagnosis (days) | ||||||
| 30 or less | 90 (20.7) | 20 (22.2) | 1 | 1 | – | 1 |
| 31 to 49 | 138 (31.8) | 58 (42.0) | 0.004 | 1.9 (1.2, 2.9) | 0.006 | 1.8 (1.2, 2.8) |
| 50 to 70 | 98 (22.6) | 54 (55.1) | < 0.001 | 2.5 (1.6, 3.8) | < 0.001 | 2.4 (1.6, 3.7) |
| 71 or more | 108 (24.9) | 66 (61.1) | < 0.001 | 2.8 (1.8, 4.2) | < 0.001 | 2.7 (1.8, 4.1) |
Key: MUAC and BMI Cutoffs were 23 cm and 18.5 Kg/M2; Delay categorized at 25th, 50th and 75th quartile days;1 indicates reference category; *indicates the variable not included in multivariable regression analysis; BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, PR Prevalence ratio, APR Adjusted prevalence ratio, HTP/CHD/CRD Hypertension/Chronic Heart Disease/Chronic Renal Disease