Table 4.
Factors Associated with Sputum Smear positivity of TB patients in Somali region, Ethiopia, December 2017 to October 2018
| Characteristics (n = 434) | Total PTB cases n (%) | Smear positive TB n (%) | P-value | PR (95% CI) | P-value | APR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 157 (37.3) | 58 (36.9) | 0.11 | 1 | 0.17 | 1 |
| Male | 264 (62.7) | 119 (45.1) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) | ||
| Age | ||||||
| 15 to 35 | 245 (58.2) | 119 (48.6) | 0.002 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 0.007 | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) |
| 36+ | 176 (41.8) | 58 (33.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Livelihood | ||||||
| Pastoralism | 194 (46.1) | 81 (41.8) | 0.91* | 0.98 (0.79, 1.24) | – | – |
| Non-pastoralism | 227 (53.9) | 96 (42.3) | 1 | |||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Ever smoker | 43 (10.2) | 22 (51.2) | 0.17 | 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) | 0.28 | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) |
| Never smoker | 378 (89.8) | 155 (41.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| BCG scar | ||||||
| Yes | 52 (12.4) | 23 (44.2) | 0.61* | 1.01 (0.7, 1.4) | – | – |
| No | 369 (87.6) | 154 (41.7) | 1 | |||
| Chronic diseases (HTP/CHD/CRD) | ||||||
| Yes | 20 (4.8) | 8 (40.0) | 0.85* | 0.95 (0.5, 1.6) | – | – |
| No | 401 (95.2) | 169 (42.1) | 1 | |||
| MUAC | ||||||
| Low (≤23 cm) | 235 (55.8) | 119 (50.6) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (1.3, 2.1) | 0.003 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) |
| High (> 23 cm) | 186 (44.2) | 58 (31.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
| BMI | ||||||
| Low (< 18.5) | 294 (69.8) | 135 (45.9) | 0.02 | 1.4 (1.1, 1.8) | 0.04 | 1.3 (1.01, 1.7) |
| High (≥18.5) | 127 (30.2) | 42 (33.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Prior history of TB | ||||||
| Yes | 65 (15.4) | 22 (33.8) | 0.17 | 0.8 (0.5, 1.1) | 0.25 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.2) |
| No | 356 (84.6) | 155 (43.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Delay in diagnosis (days) | ||||||
| 49 or less | 222 (52.7) | 83 (37.4) | 0.04 | 1 | 0.02 | 1 |
| 50 or more | 199 (47.3) | 94 (47.2) | 1.3 (1.01, 1.6) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.6) | ||
Key: MUAC and BMI Cutoffs were 23 cm and 18.5 Kg/M2; Delay categorized at median day;1 indicates reference category; *indicates the variable not included in multivariable regression analysis; BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, AFB Acid-Fast Bacilli, PR Prevalence ratio, APR Adjusted prevalence ratio, HTP/CHD/CRD Hypertension/Chronic Heart Disease/Chronic Renal Disease