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. 2019 Nov 6;19:936. doi: 10.1186/s12879-019-4577-z

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Flowchart of study design and case selection (AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; ICD-9-CM: International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, clinical modification; NHIRD: National Health Insurance Research Database; TB: tuberculosis)