Table 1. Catalytic activities of mutant BsGAO and mutant LsGAO1, relative to the native enzymes.

Native BsGAO and LsGAO1 catalytic activities for amorphadiene or germacrene A were set as 100%. The production levels of artemisinic acid or germacrene A acid were normalized by relative cytochrome P450 abundance estimated by immunoblot analyses. Data are means ± sd (n = 3–4).

Substrate (cDNA)	Relative Activity (%)
	Mutant BsGAO	Mutant LsGAO1
Amorphadiene (ADS)	913 ± 159	904 ± 218
Germacrene A (GAS)	0.07 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.02