TABLE 1.
Baseline Demographic Characteristics and Changes in Cognitive Function
| Characteristic | CU− | CU+ | MCI+ | DEM+ |
| n | 45 | 7 | 31 | 24 |
| Baseline age (y) | 66.8 ± 9.7 | 71.7 ± 4.2 | 73.2 ± 7.3* | 73.3 ± 8.9* |
| Sex (n) | ||||
| M | 18 | 3 | 18 | 4 |
| F | 27 | 4 | 13 | 20† |
| Education (y) | 12.2 ± 5.0 | 13.0 ± 4.1 | 11.9 ± 4.9 | 9.5 ± 5.7 |
| Duration (y) | NA | NA | 2.8 ± 1.4 | 3.8 ± 1.3† |
| ApoE (n) | ||||
| ε4+ | 8 (18%) | 2 (29%) | 16 (52%) | 17 (71%) |
| ε4− | 37 | 5 | 15 | 7 |
| Interval‡ (mo) | 24.7 ± 1.4 | 24.4 ± 1.9 | 23.7 ± 1.1* | 23.1 ± 1.4* |
| Baseline centiloid | 9.1 ± 11.2 | 81.4 ± 46.4* | 79.7 ± 40.8* | 110.6 ± 36.7*† |
| MMSE | ||||
| Baseline | 28.2 ± 1.8 | 28.1 ± 2.1 | 25.2 ± 3.2* | 19.1 ± 4.5*†¶ |
| Follow-up | 27.1 ± 3.3§ | 27.3 ± 2.9 | 22.2 ± 5.0*¶§ | 15.7 ± 5.2*†¶§ |
| CDR-SB | ||||
| Baseline | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 1.7 ± 0.9*¶ | 4.8 ± 1.8*†¶ |
| Follow-up | 1.3 ± 3.0§ | 0.7 ± 1.1 | 3.1 ± 1.9*§ | 7.0 ± 3.0*†¶§ |
| DS-BW | ||||
| Baseline | 4.1 ± 1.6 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 1.3 |
| Follow-up | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 1.4 | 2.4 ± 1.5*† |
| BNT | ||||
| Baseline | 50.2 ± 7.7 | 48.7 ± 3.0 | 42.1 ± 8.2* | 34.3 ± 11.5*¶ |
| Follow-up | 49.2 ± 8.3 | 48.3 ± 5.7 | 39.5 ± 9.4*§ | 26.2 ± 10.2*†¶§ |
| RCFT | ||||
| Baseline | 32.9 ± 4.7 | 34.0 ± 2.0 | 30.4 ± 6.8 | 22.7 ± 10.7*†¶ |
| Follow-up | 31.4 ± 5.7§ | 33.0 ± 2.7 | 28.6 ± 7.5 | 18.8 ± 11.3*†¶ |
| SVLT-DR | ||||
| Baseline | 6.6 ± 2.5 | 6.0 ± 2.2 | 1.4 ± 2.2*¶ | 0.8 ± 2.1*¶ |
| Follow-up | 5.5 ± 2.4§ | 4.6 ± 3.2 | 1.5 ± 2.4*¶ | 0.3 ± 1.1*¶ |
| RCFT-DR | ||||
| Baseline | 16.0 ± 7.3 | 15.5 ± 5.3 | 6.5 ± 5.7*¶ | 2.1 ± 3.7*¶ |
| Follow-up | 16.0 ± 8.4 | 15.5 ± 6.9 | 4.2 ± 6.1*¶§ | 0.7 ± 1.9*¶ |
| COWAT | ||||
| Baseline | 16.2 ± 4.4 | 15.3 ± 6.1 | 13.1 ± 4.9 | 8.6 ± 4.1*†¶ |
| Follow-up | 15.7 ± 4.2 | 14.7 ± 6.4 | 12.4 ± 5.3* | 7.0 ± 4.0*†¶ |
P < 0.05 for comparisons between CU− and each group.
P < 0.05 for comparisons between MCI+ and DEM+ groups.
From baseline to follow-up.
P < 0.05 for comparisons between CU+ and MCI/DEM+ groups.
P < 0.05 for significant changes between baseline and follow-up.
CDR-SB = Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes; DS-BW = Digit Span Backward; BNT = Boston Naming Test; RCFT = Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; SVLT-DR = Seoul Verbal Learning Test–Delayed Recall; RCFT-DR = Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test–Delayed Recall; COWAT = Controlled Oral Word Association Test–Semantics; NA = not applicable or not available.
Qualitative data are expressed as numbers; continuous data are expressed as mean ± SD.