Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of participants with at least one Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) diagnosis from 2000–2012, stratified by HIV status (N = 10,165)
| PWH (n = 4107) | Uninfected (n = 6058) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean years (SD) | 50.6 (7.0) | 50.6 (7.1) | 0.59 |
| Race/Ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.01 | ||
| White | 1,110 (27.0) | 1,774 (29.3) | |
| African-American | 2, 548 (62.0) | 3,723 (60.0) | |
| Latino/other | 449 (11.0) | 561 (9.3) | |
| Male gender, n (%) | 4,019 (97.9) | 5,965 (98.5) | 0.023 |
| Residence, n (%) | |||
| Urban | 3,595 (87.5) | 5,299 (87.5) | < 0.001 |
| History of Homelessness, n (%) | 2,088 (50.7) | 3,046 (50.1) | .5 |
| Hepatitis C, n (%) | 3,306 (80.3) | 3,224 (53.0) | <.001 |
| Psychiatric diagnoses, n (%) | |||
| Depression | 2,022 (49.2) | 2,972 (49.1) | 0.863 |
| Anxiety | 801(19.5) | 1,304 (21.5) | 0.014 |
| PTSD | 822 (20.0) | 1,635 (27.0) | < 0.001 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 642 (15.6) | 1,216 (20.0) | < 0.001 |
| Schizophrenia | 491 (12.0) | 876 (14.5) | < 0.001 |
| Any psychiatric comorbidity, n (%) | 2,549 (62.1) | 3,975 (65.6) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol related diagnosis, n (%) | 2,485 (60.5) | 4,022 (66.4) | < 0.001 |
| Non-opioid drug use diagnosis, n (%) | |||
| Cocaine | 2,529 (61.6) | 3,493 (57.7) | < 0.001 |
| Stimulant | 204 (5.0) | 345 (5.7) | 0.111 |
| Sedative-Hypnotic | 242 (5.9) | 485 (8.0) | < 0.001 |
| Cannabis | 978 (23.8) | 1,776 (29.3) | < 0.001 |
| Hallucinogen | 34 (0.8) | 79 (1.3) | 0.025 |
| Multi-substance use,* n (%) | 2,313 (56.3) | 3,535 (58.4) | 0.042 |
| HIV-Related, n (%)+ | - | - | |
| Virologic suppression | 1,568(38.2) | - | - |
| CD4 ≥ 200 cells/mm3 | 2,190 (53.3) | - | - |
| Antiretroviral therapy receipt | 2, 709 (66.0) | - | - |
| OAT Initiation Within** | |||
| 14 days | 136 (3.3%) | 224 (3.7%) | 0.304 |
| 30 days | 190 (4.6%) | 306 (5.1%) | 0.329 |
| 6 months | 329 (8.1%) | 521 (8.8%) | 0.244 |
| 1 year | 382 (9.7%) | 599 (10.5%) | 0.231 |
*
defined as 2+ non-opioid drug use diagnoses.
**
The denominators for initiation within 14 days, 30 days, 6 months and 1-year are 10,184, 10,165, 9,960 and 9,666 respectively.
+
Missing data accounts for differences in the denominator of HIV-related variables.
Abbreviations: PWH-people living with HIV, SD-standard deviation, HIV-human immunodeficiency virus, PTSD-post-traumatic stress disorder, OAT-opioid agonist therapy.
ICD-9-CM, V08 (asymptomatic HIV), and diagnosis related group (DRG) codes identified diagnoses and HIV status.