Figure 4.

Surgery Alone (Sham): No dense mineral exists in the TPs interspace of L3 to L4 to L5 regions of interest (ROI), outlined in red rectangle on radiographic image. Paired histology indicates TP interspaces filled with fibrous tissues. Progenix Plus: No evidence of fusion on histology; exhibits variably sized bony residual implant pieces, encapsulated with fibrous connective tissue. There are scattered regions of mineralization in the fibrotic areas. Radiography and histology show limited foci of lamellar bone extending from TP. Progenix Plus + arICBG, numbers 029 and 062: No evidence of fusion on histology, and demonstrates large pieces of residual implant material surrounded by fibrous tissue. Trabeculae are sparse, with little evidence of connections. Areas of fatty marrow show basophilic staining consistent with saponified fat.