Figure 6.

Diagram of the electrical disturbance of the moon to the Earth's surface (modified from: Bevington, [40]). (a): at new moon, the moon faces the bright side of the Earth (moon above the horizon during the daytime) and the solar wind impacts the moon. This creates an umbra and a penumbra, which are shadows of the moon body carrying negative electric charges to the Earth's surface. (b) at full moon, the moon faces the dark side of the Earth (moon above the horizon at nighttime). Following its orbit, the moon impacts the Earth's magnetotail and creates an electric disturbance of positive charges propagating towards the Earth's surface.