Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Oct 30;6(10):190937. doi: 10.1098/rsos.190937

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2019 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 6. — The biasing effect of controlling for LTL_b. (a) The relationship between the β coefficients for smoking derived from models 1 (no control for LTL_b) and 2 (control for LTL_b). The dotted line shows the expectation if the coefficients were identical. (b) The correlation between a signature of LTL measurement error (the correlation between LTL_b and LTL_fu; larger values indicate lower measurement error) and the difference between the β coefficients derived from models 1 and 2. In both panels, the solid black line was derived from a linear regression in which the points were weighted by the number of participants in each cohort and the grey ribbon shows the 95% confidence interval for this line.