Table 1. Patient and treatment characteristics for overall patients and matched patients after propensity scoring.
| Overall patients | Matched patients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Desflurane N = 632 |
Propofol N = 344 |
p-value | Desflurane N = 592 |
Propofol N = 296 |
p-value | SMD |
| Time since the earliest included patient (yr) | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 3.4 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 | 0.888 |
| Age (yr) | 0.512 | 0.542 | 0.081 | ||||
| < 40 | 64 (10) | 32 (9) | 58 (10) | 27 (9) | |||
| 40–49 | 245 (39) | 117 (34) | 229 (39) | 104 (35) | |||
| 50–59 | 212 (34) | 126 (37) | 203 (34) | 111 (38) | |||
| 60–69 | 82 (13) | 48 (14) | 76 (13) | 35 (12) | |||
| ≥ 70 | 29 (5) | 21 (6) | 26 (4) | 19 (6) | |||
| BMI (kg/ m2) | 23.3 ± 3.5 | 23.3 ± 3.6 | 0.709 | 23.3 ± 3.4 | 23.1 ± 3.6 | 0.397 | 0.060 |
| ASA | 0.009 | 0.077 | 0.157 | ||||
| I | 428 (68) | 199 (58) | 403 (68) | 179 (61) | |||
| II | 175 (28) | 123 (36) | 162 (27) | 99 (33) | |||
| III | 29 (5) | 22 (6) | 27 (5) | 18 (6) | |||
| Functional status | 0.206 | 0.180 | 0.096 | ||||
| ≥ 4 METs | 605 (96) | 323 (94) | 568 (96) | 278 (94) | |||
| < 4 METs | 27 (4) | 21 (6) | 24 (4) | 18 (6) | |||
| CCI | 0.008 | 0.318 | 0.130 | ||||
| 2 | 474 (75) | 228 (66) | 445 (75) | 207 (70) | |||
| 3 | 108 (17) | 67 (20) | 102 (17) | 59 (20) | |||
| 4 | 37 (6) | 37 (11) | 36 (6) | 22 (7) | |||
| ≥ 5 | 13 (2) | 12 (4) | 9 (2) | 8 (3) | |||
| TNM stage of primary tumor | 0.995 | 0.578 | 0.009 | ||||
| 0 | 108 (17) | 58 (17) | 100 (17) | 46 (16) | |||
| I | 235 (37) | 130 (38) | 215 (36) | 120 (41) | |||
| II | 210 (33) | 112 (33) | 203 (34) | 91 (31) | |||
| III | 79 (13) | 44 (13) | 74 (13) | 39 (13) | |||
| HER-2, Negative | 301 (48) | 184 (54) | 0.080 | 282 (48) | 156 (53) | 0.154 | 0.102 |
| ER, Negative | 203 (32) | 88 (26) | 0.039 | 192 (32) | 78 (26) | 0.075 | 0.133 |
| PR, Negative | 136 (22) | 66 (19) | 0.450 | 127 (22) | 57 (19) | 0.516 | 0.053 |
| TNBC | 30 (5) | 14 (4) | 0.745 | 28 (5) | 13 (4) | 0.955 | 0.043 |
| Neoadjuvant chemotherapy | 29(5) | 16(5) | 0.964 | 25(4) | 15(5) | 0.567 | 0.049 |
| Intraoperative NSAIDs | 33 (5) | 14 (4) | 0.422 | 31 (5) | 11 (4) | 0.314 | 0.072 |
| Postoperative NSAIDs | 13 (2) | 15 (4) | 0.039 | 13 (2) | 13 (4) | 0.067 | 0.131 |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy | 369 (58) | 194 (56) | 0.548 | 349 (59) | 170 (57) | 0.665 | 0.031 |
| Adjuvant radiotherapy | 348 (55) | 167 (49) | 0.051 | 326 (55) | 143 (48) | 0.057 | 0.136 |
| Adjuvant hormonal therapy | 473 (75) | 254 (74) | 0.731 | 442 (75) | 215 (73) | 0.516 | 0.046 |
| Relapse | 0.454 | 0.707 | 0.059 | ||||
| No | 555 (88) | 311 (90) | 521 (88) | 266 (90) | |||
| Local recurrence in 5 years | 28 (4) | 13 (4) | 25 (4) | 11 (4) | |||
| Distant metastases in 5 years | 49 (8) | 20 (6) | 46 (8) | 19 (6) | |||
| Survival | |||||||
| 2006–2010 | 594 (94) | 322 (94) | 0.812 | 556 (94) | 275 (93) | 0.561 | |
| 2006 | 138 (92) | 29 (94) | 1.000 | 130 (92) | 26 (93) | 1.000 | |
| 2007 | 167 (95) | 5 (100) | 1.000 | 157 (95) | 4 (100) | 1.000 | |
| 2008 | 126 (91) | 51 (98) | 0.118 | 118 (92) | 47 (98) | 0.184 | |
| 2009 | 51 (94) | 134 (91) | 0.568 | 47 (94) | 114 (90) | 0.562 | |
| 2010 | 112 (98) | 108 (95) | 0.270 | 104 (98) | 84 (94) | 0.249 | |
Data shown as mean ± SD or n (%.)
BMI = body mass index; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; TNM = tumor–node–metastasis; CCI = Charlson comorbidity index; MET = metabolic equivalents; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs; TNBC = triple–negative breast cancer.