Table 4. Percent differences (95% CI) in serum TT betweenthree blood cadmium exposure levels, NHANES, 2011–2012using weighted regression models.
| Blood cadmium(μg/L) | Model 1a | Model2b |
|---|---|---|
| Male children(N = 431) | ||
| ≤0.11 (n = 311) | Reference | Reference |
| 0.11–0.20 (n = 73) | 6.87 (-16.33,36.51) | 17.65 (-8.02,50.47) |
| >0.20 (n = 47) | -14.39 (-39.09,20.3) | -8.04 (-34.62,29.35) |
| Adjusted p-trend | 0.86 | 0.83 |
| Male adolescents(N = 493) | ||
| ≤0.11 (n = 237) | Reference | Reference |
| 0.11–0.23 (n = 206) | 11.31 (-5.45,31.05) | 3.56 (-11.68,21.43) |
| >0.23 (n = 50) | 37.97 (4.45,82.26) | 21.68 (-11.70,67.68) |
| Adjusted p-trend | 0.04 | 0.62 |
| Female children(N = 426) | ||
| ≤0.11 (n = 227) | Reference | Reference |
| 0.11–0.20 (n = 91) | 16.19 (-1.16,36.59) | 18.24 (0.6,38.98) |
| >0.20 (n = 58) | -7.95 (-25.67,13.99) | -8.64 (-26.22,13.13) |
| Adjusted p-trend | 0.86 | 0.83 |
| Female adolescent(N = 470) | ||
| ≤0.11 (n = 194) | Reference | Reference |
| 0.11–0.25 (n = 200) | 13.24 (3.41,24) | 14.28 (4.31,25.19) |
| >0.25 (n = 76) | 23.15 (6.43,42.5) | 30.79 (9.7,55.94) |
| Adjusted p-trendc | 0.0038 | 0.0015 |
a Adjusted for age (continuous), BMI (normal/underweight, overweight, and obese) and race-ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic black, Hispanic and other).
b Adjusted for variables in model 1 plus serum cotinine (log-transformed, continuous), time of venipuncture (morning, afternoon, and evening), season of collection (1 November through 30 April, 1 May through 31 October), ratio family income to poverty.
c Adjusted p-trend:p-values adjusted for multiple testing.