Table 7. Percent differences (95% CI) in serum TT by quartiles of blood manganese exposure, NHANES, 2011–2012using weighted regression models.
| Blood Manganese(μg/L) | Model 1a | Model2b |
|---|---|---|
| Male children(N = 431) | ||
| ≤7.86 (n = 108) | Reference | Reference |
| 7.86–9.72 (n = 108) | 18.17 (-9.85,54.91) | 16.09 (-10.90,51.24) |
| 9.72–11.84 (n = 108) | 47.31 (13.23,91.66) | 48.55 (14.80,92.22) |
| >11.84 (n = 107) | 12.24 (-14.41,47.20) | 10.72 (-15.09,44.38) |
| Adjusted p-trend | 0.40 | 0.46 |
| Male adolescents(N = 493) | ||
| ≤7.62 (n = 124) | Reference | Reference |
| 7.62–9.33 (n = 124) | 38.64 (11.7,72.06) | 31.51 (6.78,61.96) |
| 9.33–11.54 (n = 123) | 25.2 (0.38,56.16) | 15.49 (-6.81,43.13) |
| >11.54 (n = 122) | 18.39 (-5.89,48.94) | 11.88 (-10.38,39.68) |
| Adjusted p-trend | 0.40 | 0.60 |
| Female children(N = 426) | ||
| ≤8.72 (n = 107) | Reference | Reference |
| 8.72–10.52 (n = 107) | -19.44 (-33.33,-2.65) | -21.3 (-34.91,-4.85) |
| 10.52–12.90 (n = 107) | -4.94 (-21.88,15.68) | -6.5 (-23.13,13.72) |
| >12.90 (n = 105) | -1.51 (-19.36,20.29) | -3.71 (-21.25,17.72) |
| Adjusted p-trend | 0.49 | 0.60 |
| Female adolescents(N = 470) | ||
| ≤8.64 (n = 119) | Reference | Reference |
| 8.64–10.84 (n = 116) | 23.04 (8.64,39.36) | 22.53 (7.98,39.04) |
| 10.84–13.26 (n = 118) | 34.59 (19.41,51.71) | 36.26 (20.72,53.81) |
| >13.26 (n = 117) | 24.96 (10.47,41.36) | 24.81 (10.31,41.23) |
| Adjusted p-trendc | 0.001 | 0.0008 |
a Adjusted for age (continuous), BMI (normal/underweight, overweight, and obese) and race-ethnicity (Non-Hispanic White, Non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and other).
b Adjusted for variables in model 1 plus serum cotinine (log-transformed, continuous), time of venipuncture (morning, afternoon, and evening), season of collection (1 November through 30 April, 1 May through 31 October), ratio family income to poverty (continuous).
c Adjusted p-trend:p-values adjusted for multiple testing.