Table 4. Voiding symptoms as predictors of voiding dysfunction in women with previous anti-incontinence surgery.

	Any voiding symptom by open anamnesis	Straining to void by open anamnesis
Sensitivity	44.4%	27.8%
Specificity	80.8%	94.5%
PPV	36.3%	55.6%
NPV	85.5%	84.1%
Accuracy	73.6%	81.3%
Positive likelihood ratio	2.324	5.129
Negative likelihood ratio	0.686	0.764
Kappa (95% CI)	0.233 (0.006–0.460)	0.275 (0.029–0.521)

PPV = Positive predictive value; NPV = Negative predictive value; CI = Confidence interval