Figure 1.

The oxidant–antioxidant mechanisms and their effects in childhood. SOD, superoxide dismutase; GPX, glutathione peroxidases; CoQ10, coenzyme Q10; VIT A, vitamin A; VIT E, vitamin E; VIT C, vitamin C; HO, hydroxyl radical; O₂−, superoxide; ¹O₂, singlet oxygen; H₂O₂, hydrogen peroxide; NO, nitric oxide; LDL, low-density lipoproteins; AGEs, advanced glycation endproducts; RAGEs, receptors for advanced glycation endproducts; T1D, type 1 diabetes; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; SGA, small for gestational age; LGA, large for gestational age; GHD, growth hormone deficiency; JIA, juvenile idiopathic arthritis.