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Routes of generation of ROS during the light phase of photosynthesis. 3Chl* on account of increasing chlorophyll excited state (1Chl*) in incomplete photochemical quenching, reacts with oxygen (3O2) to form 1O2. Over-reduction of the NADP pool causes O2− production by Mehler's reaction (A). The photoprotective mechanism of excess energy dissipation through NPQ, blocking generation of ROS (B).
