. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: IEEE J Biomed Health Inform. 2018 Aug 29;23(4):1607–1617. doi: 10.1109/JBHI.2018.2867619

TABLE II.

Sleep episode onset/offset detection performance with best results highlighted in bold (MAE: mean absolute error (min)).

Feature combinations	Differential Bi-LSTM RNN								Cross-correlation-based template matching
	Without time				With time				Without time				With time
	Sleep onset		Sleep offset		Sleep onset		Sleep offset		Sleep onset		Sleep offset		Sleep onset		Sleep offset
	F₁	MAE	F₁	MAE	F₁	MAE	F₁	MAE	F₁	MAE	F₁	MAE	F₁	MAE	F₁	MAE
Wrist sensor	0.85	5.3	0.82	6.3	0.84	5.3	0.84	5.5	0.83	5.0	0.80	5.8	0.83	5.3	0.81	5.7
Phone	0.27	12.4	0.21	15.6	0.43	10.3	0.36	13.2	0.24	11.5	0.16	16.2	0.41	9.6	0.35	11.7
Wrist + Phone	0.84	5.3	0.82	6.0	0.84	5.1	0.82	6.3	0.83	4.7	0.80	5.8	0.83	5.7	0.80	6.0
ACC + EDA	0.84	5.3	0.83	6.4	0.84	5.1	0.83	6.0	0.83	5.1	0.80	6.3	0.84	5.4	0.81	5.9
ACC + ST	0.86	5.0	0.84	5.6	0.86	5.0	0.84	5.5	0.84	4.9	0.81	5.1	0.85	5.3	0.82	5.5
EDA + ST	0.74	6.9	0.73	7.2	0.74	6.7	0.74	7.1	0.70	7.3	0.69	7.3	0.73	6.9	0.71	6.3
ACC	0.85	5.4	0.81	6.9	0.84	5.1	0.81	6.5	0.82	5.2	0.79	7.2	0.82	5.1	0.79	6.3
EDA	0.71	8.0	0.68	7.7	0.70	6.4	0.70	7.1	0.67	8.1	0.64	8.1	0.70	6.8	0.68	7.3
ST	0.59	9.8	0.56	11.5	0.52	10.3	0.60	11.0	0.49	10.7	0.48	11.6	0.51	9.6	0.56	9.1