Figure 1.

Antimicrobial activity data of the A. keiskei root extract spiked with known antimicrobial compounds (spiked extract) and eighteen chromatographically separated pools from this original spiked extract. Pools labeled 3-1 through 3-3 represent samples resulting from chromatographic separation of the spiked A. keiskei root mixture into three pools, 5-1 through 5-5 represent samples from separation into five pools, and 10-1 through 10-10 represent samples from the ten-pool set. Growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (SA1199)³⁶ is displayed as percent growth inhibition normalized to the vehicle control (broth containing bacteria but no antimicrobial compound) using OD₆₀₀ values. Data presented are the results of triplicate analyses ± SEM. Pure compounds berberine (1), magnolol (2), cryptotanshinone (3), and α-mangostin (4) served as positive controls and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (75, 6.25, 12.5, and 1.56 μg/mL, respectively), are consistent with previous reports. ^9,37-39