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. 2019 Nov 1;10:2509. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02509

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

Impact of pOXA-48 carriage on virulence and fitness. Cytotoxicity, virulence, and growth kinetics of clinical isolates EC7215 and KP12536 harboring pOXA-48, acceptor strains J53 and PRZ, and pOXA-48 transconjugants (Tc) were analyzed. (A) Cytotoxicity was determined by the LDH assay and (B) virulence by G. mellonella infection experiments as described above. (C) Doubling times were calculated from growth kinetics. An EC-J53 control strain (“J53 mcr-1”) harboring the plasmid pKP2442-mcr-1, whose carriage causes a fitness loss, was used as a control (Tietgen et al., 2018). Bars represent the mean (n = 4). Error bars denote standard error (A,C) or the 95% CI (B). n.s., no statistically significant differences as determined by the Mann–Whitney U test. (D) Dynamics of replicate competition experiments for EC-J53 and transconjugants containing the natural plasmid pOXA-48. The ratio of resistant versus susceptible cfu is shown (mean values from four independent experiments). Error bars denote the standard deviation of mean cfu counts.