. 2019 Nov 1;10:1234. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01234

Table 2.

Secondary metabolites isolated from members of the genus Echinops.

No.	Name of secondary metabolites	Species	Plant part	Pharmacological activity	Ref.
Thiophenes
1.	5-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene	E. macrochaetus	R		Abegaz et al., 1991
		E. pappii Chiov.	R		Abegaz et al., 1991; Abegaz, 1991
		E. ritro	Rd	Antifungal	Fokialakis et al., 2006a
		E. ritro	AP
		E. latifolius	R		Wang et al., 2006
		E. grijsii	R		Zhang and Ma, 2010; Chang et al., 2015
		E. grijsii	R	Cytotoxic	Jin et al., 2008
		E. grijsii	R	Insecticidal	Zhao et al., 2017
		E. nanus Bunge	R		Nakano et al., 2012
		E. albicaulis	AP		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
		E. albicaulis	WP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
		E. spinosissimus subsp. spinosissimus	WP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
2.	α-terthiophene	E. ellenbeckii	R		Abegaz et al., 1991
		E. pappii	R		Abegaz et al., 1991
		E. macrochaetus	R
		E. grijsii	R	Cytotoxic	Jin et al., 2008
		E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002; Zhang and Ma, 2010; Chang et al., 2015
		E. grijsii	R	Insecticidal	Zhao et al., 2017
		E. latifolius	R		Wang et al., 2006
		E. ritro	Rd	Antifungal	Fokialakis et al., 2006a
		E. ritro	AP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
		E. nanus	R		Nakano et al., 2012
		E. albicaulis	R		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
		E. albicaulis	WP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
		E. albicaulis	WP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
		E. albicaulis	WP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
		E. transiliensis	R	Insecticidal	Nakano et al., 2014
3.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3-chloro-4-hydoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. ellenbeckii	R		Abegaz et al., 1991
		E. giganteus	R
		E. hispidus Fresen.	R
		E. longisetus	R
		E. macrochaetus	R
4.	Cis or trans-2-(pent-3-en-1-ynyl)-5-(4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl)-thiophenes	E. pappii	R		Abegaz, 1991
5.	5-(4-hydroxybut-1-ynyl)-2-(pent-1,3-diynyl)-thiophene	E. pappii	R		Abegaz, 1991
		E. ritro	Rd	Antifungal	Fokialakis et al., 2006a
		E. ritro	AP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
		E. grijsii	R		Chang et al., 2015
		E. grijsii	R	Cytotoxic	Zhang et al., 2009;
		E. grijsii	R	NQO1-inducing	Zhang and Ma, 2010
		E. giganteus	Rz	Cytotoxic	Kuete et al., 2013
		E. giganteus	Rz	Cytotoxic	Sandjo et al., 2016
6.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(but-3-en-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. ellenbeckii	R		Hymete et al., 2005b
7.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(4-acetoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. ellenbeckii	R		Hymete et al., 2005b
8.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. ellenbeckii	R		Hymete et al., 2005b
		E. hoehnelii	R		Bitew et al., 2017
		E. transiliensis	R	Insecticidal	Nakano et al., 2014
9.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3,4-diacetoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. ellenbeckii	R		Hymete et al., 2005a
		E. grijsii	R		Jin et al., 2008
		E. grijsii	R	NQO1-inducing	Zhang and Ma, 2010
		E. transiliensis	R	Insecticidal	Nakano et al., 2014
10.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3-chloro-4-acetoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. ellenbeckii	R		Hymete et al., 2005b
		E. transiliensis	R	Insecticidal	Nakano et al., 2014
		E. albicaulis	WP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
		E. hoehnelii	R	Anti-malarial	Bitew et al., 2017
11.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3,4-epoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. ellenbeckii	R		Hymete et al., 2005b
12.	5-[-(5-acetoxymethyl-2-trienyl)-2-(but-3-ene-1-ynyl)]-thiophene	E. ellenbeckii	R		Hymete et al., 2005b
13.	5-(5,6-dihydroxy-hexa-1,3-diynyl)-2-(prop-1-ynyl)-thiophene (echinoynethiophene A)	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002; Dong et al., 2008a
		E. grijsii	R	Cytotoxic	Zhang et al., 2009
14.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002; Dong et al., 2008a; Chang et al., 2015
		E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2019
		E. grijsii	R	NQO1-inducing	Shi et al., 2010; Zhang and Ma, 2010
		E. grijsii	R	Cytotoxic	Zhang et al., 2009
		E. giganteus	Rz	Cytotoxic	Sandjo et al., 2016
		E. transiliensis	R	Insecticidal	Nakano et al., 2014
		E. hoehnelii	R	Anti-malarial	Bitew et al., 2017
15.	5-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002; Dong et al., 2008a; Zhang et al., 2009; Zhang and Ma, 2010; Chang et al., 2015
		E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2019
		E. latifolius	R	Cytotoxic	Wang et al., 2007
		E. transiliensis	R	Insecticidal	Nakano et al., 2014
16.	2,2'-bithiophene-5-carboxylic acid	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002; Chang et al., 2015
		E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2019
17.	5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002
18.	5-(4-isovaleroyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002; Chang et al., 2015
		E. grijsii	R		Wang et al., 2006
		E. grijsii	R	Cytotoxic	Jin et al., 2008
		E. grijsii	R	Insecticidal	Zhao et al., 2017
		E. ritro	Rd	Antifungal	Fokialakis et al., 2006a
		E. ritro	AP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
19.	5-chloro- α-terthiophene	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002
20.	5-acetyl α-terthiophene	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002
21.	5,5'-dichloro-α-terthiophene	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002
22.	Cardopatine	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002; Chang et al., 2015
		E. latifolius	R		Wang et al., 2006
		E. ritro	Rd	Antifungal	Fokialakis et al., 2006a
		E. ritro	AP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
23.	Isocardopatine	E. grijsii	R		Liu et al., 2002; Zhang and Ma, 2010; Chang et al., 2015
		E. ritro	Rd	Antifungal	Fokialakis et al., 2006a
		E. grijsii	R	Cytotoxic	Jin et al., 2008
24.	Grijisyne A	E. grijsii	R		Zhang et al., 2008
25.	Grijisone A	E. grijsii	R		Zhang et al., 2008
26.	5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-1-butyny)-2,2'-bithiophene	E. grijsii	R		Chang et al., 2015
27.	5-acetyl-2,2'-bithiophene	E. latifolius	R		Wang et al., 2008
		E. grijsii	R		Chang et al., 2015
		E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2019
28.	5-formyl-2,2'-bithiophene	E. grijsii	R		Chang et al., 2015
29.	Methyl 2,2'-bithiophene-5-carboxylate	E. grijsii	R		Chang et al., 2015
30.	5-(3-hydroxymethyl-3-isovaleroyloxyprop-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene	E. latifolius	R		Wang et al., 2006
		E. grijsii	R		Chang et al., 2015
31.	5-(4-hydroxy-1-butynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene	E. latifolius	R		Wang et al., 2008
		E. ritro	Rd	Antifungal	Fokialakis et al., 2006a
		E. latifolius	R	Cytotoxic	Wang et al., 2007
		E. grijsii	R		Zhang et al., 2009; Chang et al., 2015
		E. ritro	WP	Antibacterial, Antifungal	Li et al., 2019
		E. ritro	AP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
32.	5-(4-acetoxy-1-butynl)-2,2'-bithiophene	E. grijsii	R		Chang et al., 2015
33.	5-(3-hydroxy-4-isovaleroyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene	E. latifolius	R		Wang et al., 2006
34.	5-(3-acetoxy-4-isovaleroyloxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene	E. latifolius	R		Wang et al., 2006
		E. grijsii	R	Cytotoxic	Jin et al., 2008
35.	Echinopsacetylenes A	E. transiliensis	R		Nakano et al., 2011
36.	Echinopsacetylenes B	E. transiliensis	R		Nakano et al., 2011
37.	Echinothiophenegenol	E. grijsii	R		Zhang et al., 2009
		E. nanus	R		Nakano et al., 2012
38.	5-(4-acetoxy-3-chlorobut-1-ynyl)-2-(pent-1,3-diynyl)-thiophene	E. ritro	Rd	Antifungal	Fokialakis et al., 2006a
39.	5-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene	E. ritro	Rd	Antifungal	Fokialakis et al., 2006a
		E. ritro	AP	Termicidal	Fokialakis et al., 2006b
		E. grijsii	R		Zhang and Ma, 2010
		E. grijsii	R	Cytotoxic	Jin et al., 2008
		E. transiliensis	R	Insecticidal	Nakano et al., 2014
40.	5-{4-[4-(5-pent-1,3-diynylthiophene-2-yl)-but-3-yny}-2,2'-bithiophene	E. latifolius	R	Cytotoxic	Wang et al., 2007
41.	5-(4-hydroxybut-1-one)-2,2'-bithiophene	E. latifolius	R	Cytotoxic	Wang et al., 2007
		E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2019
42.	5-(prop-1-ynyl)- 2-(3,4-diacetoxybut-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. latifolius	R		Wang et al., 2007
		E. grijsii	R	Cytotoxic	Jin et al., 2008
43.	5-(1,2-dihydroxy-ethyl)-2-(Z)-hept-5-ene-1,3-diynylthiophene	E. latifolius	R	Anti-inflammatory	Jin et al., 2016
44.	5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-2-(E)-hept-5-ene-1,3-diynylthiophene	E. latifolius	R	Anti-inflammatory	Jin et al., 2016
45.	6-Methoxy-arctinol-b	E. latifolius	R	Anti-inflammatory	Jin et al., 2016
46.	Arctinol-b	E. grijsii	R		Zhang et al., 2009
		E. latifolius	R	Anti-inflammatory	Jin et al., 2016
		E. ritro	WP	Antibacterial, Antifungal	Li et al., 2019
47.	Arctinol	E. latifolius	R	Anti-inflammatory	Jin et al., 2016
		E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2019
		E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2019
48.	Methyl [5'-(1-propynyf)-2,2'-bithienyl-5-yl] carboxylate	E. latifolius	R	Anti-inflammatory	Jin et al., 2016
49.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. hoehnelii	R		Bitew et al., 2017
50.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3-methoxy-4-acetoxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. hoehnelii	R		Bitew et al., 2017
51.	5-(3-hydroxy-4-acetoxybut-1-ynyl)-2,2′-bithiophene	E. transiliensis	R		Nakano et al., 2014
		E. transiliensis	R	Insecticidal	Nakano et al., 2014
52.	5-(penta-1,3-diynyl)-2-(3-acetoxy-4-hydroxy-but-1-ynyl)-thiophene	E. transiliensis	R	Insecticidal	Nakano et al., 2014
53.	5'-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-yn-1-yl)-[2,2'-bithiophene]-5-carbaldehyde.	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2019
54.	5'-(3,4-dihydroxybut-1-yn-1-yl)-[2,2'-bithiophene]-5-carboxylic acid	E. ritro	WP	Antibacterial	Li et al., 2019
55.	4-hydroxy-1-(5'-methyl-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)butan-1-one	E. ritro	WP	Antibacterial, Antifungal	Li et al., 2019
56.	Junipic acid	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2019
57.	Arctinal	E. ritro	WP	Antibacterial	Li et al., 2019
58.	4-(5'-methyl-[2,2'-bithiophen]-5-yl)but-3-yn-1-ol	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2019
59.	Arctinol A	E. ritro	WP	Antibacterial	Li et al., 2019
Terpenes
60.	Dehydrocostus lactone	E. amplexicauli	R		Abegaz et al., 1991
		E. kebericho
61.	Costunolide	E. amplexicaulis,			Abegaz et al., 1991,Abegaz, 1991
		E. kebericho,
		E. pappii
62.	Dihydrocostunolide	E. amplexicaulis	R		Abegaz et al., 1991
63.	Echinopines A	E. spinosus	R		Dong et al., 2008b
64.	Echinopines B	E. spinosus	R		Dong et al., 2008b
Terpenes
65.	(3α,4α,6α)-3,13-dihydroxyguaia-7(11),10(14)-dieno-12,6-lactone)	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
66.	(3α,4α,6α,11ß)-3-hydroxyguai-1(10)-eno-12,6-lactone)	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
67.	(11α)-11,13-dihydroarglanilic acid methyl ester	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
68.	Vulgarin	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
69.	(3R,3aS,6aR,9S,9aR,9bS)-octahydro-3,9-dimethyl-6-methyleneazuleno[4,5-b]furan2,8(3H,9bH)-d ione	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
70.	(3aS,6aR,8S,9S,9aR,9bR)-decahydro-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-3,6 dimethyleneazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(9bH)-one	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
71.	(3aS,6aR,8R,9R,9aR,9bR)-decahydro-8-hydroxy-3,3,9-trimethyl-6-methyleneazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(9bH)-one	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
72.	(3R,3aS,6aR,8S,9S,9aR,9bS)-decahydro-8-hydroxy-3,9-dimethyl-6-methyleneazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2(9bH)-one	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
73.	Santamarin	E. pappii			Abegaz, 1991
		E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
74.	Reynosin	E. pappii	R		Abegaz, 1991
75.	Caryophyllene epoxide	E. giganteus	R		Abegaz et al., 1991
		E. hispidus
76.	Echusoside	E. hussoni Boiss.	AP		Ka, 2001
77.	(3S,3aS,5aR,6R,8R,9bS)-decahydro-6,8-dihydroxy-3,5a-dimethyl-9-methylenenaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2(9bH)-one	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
78.	(3S,3aS,5aR,6S,9bS)-3,3a,4,5,5a,6-hexahydro-6-hydroxy-3,5a,9-trimethylnaphtho[1,2-b]furan-2,7(9aH,9bH)-dione	E. ritro	WP		Li et al., 2010
79.	2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-triene	E. albicaulis	AP		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
80.	Macrochaetosides A	E. macrochaetus	AP	Cytotoxic	Zamzami et al., 2019
81.	Macrochaetosides B	E. macrochaetus	AP	Cytotoxic	Zamzami et al., 2019
82.	Latifolanone A	E. latifolius	R		Jin et al., 2016
83.	Atractylenolide-II	E. latifolius	R	Anti-inflammatory	Jin et al., 2016
84.	ß-amyrin	E. niveus	WP		Singh et al., 1990
85.	Betulinic acid	E. niveus	WP
86.	Lupeol	E. niveus	WP		Singh et al., 1990
		E. giganteus	R		Tene et al., 2004
		E. integrifolius	WP		Senejoux et al., 2013
		E. echinatus	R		Patel, 2016
87.	Taraxasterol	E. niveus	WP		Singh et al., 1990
88.	Taraxasterol acetate	E. niveus	WP		Singh et al., 1990
		E. echinatus	WP	Anti-inflammatory	Singh et al., 1989
89.	ß-sitosterol	E. niveus	WP		Singh et al., 1990
		E. transiliensis	R		Nakano et al., 2012
		E. giganteus	Rz		Kuete et al., 2013
		E. orientalis	Sd	Antioxidant	Erenler et al., 2014
90.	ß-sitosterol glucoside	E. niveus	WP		Singh et al., 1990
		E. giganteus	R		Tene et al., 2004
		E. integrifolius	WP		Senejoux et al., 2013
		E. albicaulis	AP		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
91.	Reynosin	E. pappii	R		Abegaz, 1991
92.	Gmeliniin A	E. gmelinii	AP		He et al., 2000
93.	Stigmasterol	E. transiliensis	R		Nakano et al., 2012
		E. macrochaetus	AP		Zamzami et al., 2019
		E. integrifolius	WP		Senejoux et al., 2013
		E. giganteus	Rz		Kuete et al., 2013
94.	Lupeol acetate	E. integrifolius	WP		Senejoux et al., 2013
		E. echinatus	R		Patel, 2016
		E. albicaulis	AP		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
95.	Lupeol linoleate	E. albicaulis	AP		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
96.	Ajugasterone C	E. grijisii	R		Dong et al., 2008a
97.	Ursolic acid	E. giganteus	Rz	Cytotoxic	Kuete et al., 2013
98.	Echinopsolide A (3ß-acetoxy-15α-bromoolean-13ß,28-olide)	E. giganteus	Rz	Cytotoxic	Sandjo et al., 2016
99.	ß-amyrin acetate	E. giganteus	Rz		Sandjo et al., 2016
100.	3ß-acetoxy-taraxast-12,20(30)-diene-11α-21α-diol	E. galalensis	AP	Hepato-protective	Abdallah et al., 2013
101.	α-amyrin	E. galalensis	Rz	Hepato-protective
102.	Erythrodiol	E. galalensis	Rz	Hepato-protective
Terpenes
103.	Lup-20(29)-ene-1,3-diol	E. galalensis	Rz	Hepato-protective
104.	Cyclostenol	E. macrochaetus	AP	Cytotoxic	Zamzami et al., 2019
Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds
105.	Apigenin	E. niveus	WP		Singh et al., 1990
		E. echinatus			Ram et al., 1995
		E. integrifolius	AP		Senejoux et al., 2013
		E. spinosus	AP		Boumaraf et al., 2016
		E. albicaulis	AP		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
106.	Luteolin	E. niveus	WP		Singh et al., 1990
		E. grijisii	R		Dong et al., 2008a
107.	Nivegin	E. niveus	WP		Singh et al., 1990
108.	Nivetin	E. niveus	AP		Singh and Pandey, 1990
109.	Apigenin 7-O-glucoside	E. echinatus	F		Ram et al., 1995
		E. spinosus	AP		Boumaraf et al., 2016
		E. orientalis	Sd	Antioxidant	Erenler et al., 2014
110.	Echitin	E. echinatus	F		Ram et al., 1995
111.	Echinoside	E. echinatus	WP		Singh et al., 2006
112.	7-hydroxyisoflavone	E. echinatus	WP		Singh et al., 2006
113.	Kaempferol	E. echinatus	WP		Singh et al., 2006
114.	Kaempferol-4'-methylether	E. echinatus	WP		Singh et al., 2006
115.	Kaempferol-7-methylether	E. echinatus	WP		Singh et al., 2006
116.	Kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside	E. echinatus	WP		Singh et al., 2006
		E. heterophyllus	AP		Mahmood and Khadeem, 2013
117.	Myrecetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside	E. echinatus	WP		Singh et al., 2006
118.	Chrysoeriol	E. integrifolius	WP		Senejoux et al., 2013
119.	Hispidulin	E. integrifolius	WP		Senejoux et al., 2013
120.	Jaceidin	E. integrifolius	WP		Senejoux et al., 2013
121.	Centaureidin	E. integrifolius	WP		Senejoux et al., 2013
122.	Axillarin	E. integrifolius	WP		Senejoux et al., 2013
123.	Genkwanin	E. albicaulis	AP		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
124.	Apigenin-7-O-(6"-trans-pcoumaroyl- ß -D-glucopyranoside	E. orientalis	L	Antioxidant	Erenler et al., 2014
		E. spinosus	AP		Boumaraf et al., 2016
125.	5,7-dihydroxy-8,4'-dimethoxyflavanone-5-O-α-L-rhamno-pyranosyl-7-O-ß-D-arabinopyranosyl (1→4)-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside	E. echinatus	WP	Anti-inflammatory	Yadava and Singh, 2006
126.	Candidone	E. giganteus	Rz	Cytotoxic	Kuete et al., 2013
127.	Chlorogenic acid	E. grijisii	R		Dong et al., 2008a
128.	Cynarin	E. grijisii	R		Dong et al., 2008a
129.	Rutin	E. heterophyllus	AP		Mahmood and Khadeem, 2013
		E. albicaulis	AP		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
130.	(+)-4-(3-methylbutanoyl)-2,6-di(3,4-dimethoxy)phenyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane	E. giganteus	R		Tene et al., 2004
131.	(+)-4-hydroxy-2,6- di(3,4-dimethoxy)phenyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane	E. giganteus	R		Tene et al., 2004
		E. giganteus	Rz		Sandjo et al., 2016
		E. giganteus	Rz	Cytotoxic	Kuete et al., 2013
132.	Hexacosyl-(E)-ferulate	E. nanus	R		Nakano et al., 2012
133.	Umbelliferone	E. integrifolius	WP		Senejoux et al., 2013
134.	Syringin	E. grijisii	R		Dong et al., 2008a
135.	1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid	E. galalensis	AP	Hepato-protective	Abdallah et al., 2013
136.	3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid			Hepato-protective
137.	3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid			Hepato-protective
138.	4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid			Hepato-protective
Alkaloids
139.	Echinopsine (1-methyl-4-quinolone)	E. echinatus	AP		Chaudhuri, 1987
		E. nanus	R		Nakano et al., 2012
		E. albicaulis	AP		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
		E. orientalis	Sd	Antioxidant	Erenler et al., 2014
140.	Echinozolinone	E. echinatus	AP		Chaudhuri, 1987
Alkaloids
141.	Echinopsidine	E. echinatus	AP		Chaudhuri, 1987
142.	7-hydroxyechinozolinone	E. echinatus	F		Chaudhuri, 1992
143.	1-Methyl-4(1H)-quinolinone	E. heterophyllus	Sd		Khadim et al., 2014
144.	1-methyl-4-methoxy-8-(ß-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2(1H)-quinolinone	E. gmelinii Turcz.	AP		Su et al., 2004
145.	4-methoxy-8-(-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2(1H)-quinolinone	E. gmelinii	AP		Su et al., 2004
146.	Echinorine	E. albicaulis	AP		Kiyekbayeva et al., 2017
Lipids
147.	Triacontane	E. integrifolius	R		Karimov and Aisa, 2013
148.	Heptacosane	E. integrifolius	R		Karimov and Aisa, 2013
149.	Lignoceric acid	E. integrifolius	R		Karimov and Aisa, 2013
150.	Tetrahydrofurano-ceramide	E. giganteus	Rz	Cytotoxic	Sandjo et al., 2016
151.	Ritroyne A	E. ritro	R		Li et al., 2019

AP, Aerial part; F, Flower; L, Leaf; R, Root; Rd, Radix; Rz, Rhizome; Sd, Seed; WP, Whole plant.