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. 2019 Nov 1;10:2432. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02432

TABLE 3.

Results of hierarchical regression analyses for each learning parameter predicted by primary and secondary psychopathy scores.

Step 1
 Step 2
PP SP R2 PP SP PP × SP ΔR2
β β
εGP 0.276 [−0.021, 0.553] 0.046 [−0.265, 0.299] 0.087 0.236 [−0.059, 0.538] 0.027 [−0.274, 0.316] 0.143 [−0.137, 0.449] 0.018
εGN −0.055 [−0.354, 0.231] −0.015 [−0.310, 0.290] 0.004 −0.037 [−0.354, 0.288] −0.006 [−0.270, 0.329] −0.064 [−0.369, 0.263] 0.004
εLP −0.060 [−0.366, 0.232] −0.005 [−0.304, 0.284] 0.004 −0.151 [−0.451, 0.142] −0.048 [−0.348, 0.229] 0.320∗ [0.034, 0.625] 0.089∗
εLN 0.146 [−0.154, 0.442] −0.069 [−0.368, 0.232] 0.019 0.172 [−0.146, 0.478] −0.057 [−0.378, 0.233] −0.091 [−0.399, 0.209] 0.007
ρ −0.175 [−0.478, 0.106] 0.032 [−0.278, 0.327] 0.028 −0.141 [−0.485, 0.231] 0.047 [−0.215, 0.374] −0.118 [−0.417, 0.182] 0.012
bias −0.152 [−0.434, 0.133] 0.067 [−0.242, 0.334] 0.020 −0.190 [−0.504, 0.101] 0.049 [−0.227, 0.352] 0.136 [−0.184, 0.417] 0.016
π −0.197 [−0.497, 0.090] 0.120 [−0.165, 0.399] 0.036 −0.169 [−0.470, 0.127] 0.133 [−0.189, 0.411] −0.097 [−0.369, 0.202] 0.008

PP, primary psychopathy; SP, secondary psychopathy; β, standardized coefficient; εGP, learning rate for positive PE in gains; εGN, learning rate for negative PE in gains; εLP, learning rate for positive PE in losses; εLN, learning rate for negative PE in losses; ρ, subjective impact of outcomes; bias, response bias, π, Pavlovian factor. ∗p < 0.05. The 95% highest-density intervals (HDIs) are presented in square brackets.