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. 2019 Aug 17;56(12):5435–5443. doi: 10.1007/s13197-019-04014-y

Table 1.

Cytotoxic potentials of the extracts from saffron and its crocetin component

Cell lines	Treatment	Concentrations (µg/mL)^a
Cell lines	Treatment	50 µg/mL	100 µg/mL	200 µg/mL	500 µg/mL	1000 µg/mL
A549	Water extract	69.80 ± 0.17^**	78.63 ± 0.43^**	67.08 ± 0.34^*	78.30 ± 0.51^**	70.42 ± 0.18^*
	Ethanol extract	74.82 ± 0.12^**	72.25 ± 0.64^*	58.92 ± 0.35^*	60.57 ± 0.21^**	61.86 ± 0.06^**
	Crocetin	65.84 ± 0.08^*	56.09 ± 0.42^**	49.50 ± 0.17^**	46.21 ± 0.15^**	48.61 ± 0.22^*
MCF-7	Water extract	76.32 ± 0.52^*	70.03 ± 0.26^**	63.19 ± 0.56^**	70.14 ± 0.32^**	62.42 ± 0.31^*
	Ethanol extract	71.02 ± 0.34^*	68.64 ± 0.51^**	50.72 ± 0.18^**	56.07 ± 0.15^**	48.28 ± 0.26^*
	Crocetin	66.10 ± 0.18^**	51.83 ± 0.21^**	48.14 ± 0.03^**	36.16 ± 0.12^*	38.19 ± 0.36^**
HeLa	Water extract	84.19 ± 0.06^**	80.58 ± 0.21^**	76.03 ± 0.12^**	69.35 ± 0.11^**	40.75 ± 0.41^*
	Ethanol extract	72.90 ± 0.29^**	64.41 ± 0.07^**	81.72 ± 0.39^*	50.24 ± 0.42^**	43.46 ± 0.21^**
	Crocetin	61.32 ± 0.18^*	49.81 ± 0.85^**	32.15 ± 0.16^**	38.60 ± 0.04^*	35.27 ± 0.56^*
HUVEC	Water extract	18.32 ± 0.18^**	16.12 ± 0.06^**	12.80 ± 0.14^*	18.243 ± 0.61^**	14.92 ± 0.08^*
	Ethanol extract	14.68 ± 0.28^**	14.02 ± 0.10^**	13.05 ± 0.02^**	12.14 ± 0.04^*	11.62 ± 0.06^**
	Crocetin	15.90 ± 0.09^*	12.52 ± 0.27^**	13.62 ± 0.10^*	11.60 ± 0.62^**	8.23 ± 0.14^**
Doxorubicin^b		4.28 ± 0.01	4.02 ± 0.15	3.48 ± 0.12	3.46 ± 0.04	3.08 ± 0.21

^**p value of < 0.01 and ^*p value of < 0.05

^aValues are reported as IC₅₀ ± SEM from after 48 h incubation period (n = 3)

^bDoxorubicin. positive control