Table 2.
HPLC and LC–MS/MS methods for determination of curcuminoids
| Sample matrix | Mobile phase | Column and detector | Separation time (min) | LOD and flow rate | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPLC methods | |||||
| Turmeric powder | C2H5OH:H2O (96:04 v/v) | RP-5-NH2, UV 280 nm | 20.73 | −; 1 mL/min | Khurana and Ho (1988) |
| Fresh turmeric extract | (A) H2O (0.25% CH3COOH) and (B) CH3CN, 0–17 min, 40– 60% B; 17–32 min, 60–100% B; 32–38 min, 100% B; 38–40 min, 100–40% B | C18, UV 200–500 nm | 14.0 | –; 0.2 mL/min | He et al. (1998) |
| Turmeric and spent oleoresin | CH3OH–2% CH3COOH– CH3CN | C18, UV 425 nm, UV 425 nm | 6.75 | 0.05 µg/mL, 1 mL/min | Jayaprakasha et al. (2002) |
| Turmeric powder | CH3CN–0.1% CF3COOH– (50:50 v/v), (pH adjusted to 3.0 with NH3) | C18, UV–VIS 420 nm | 9.0 | 27.99, 31.91 and 21.81 ng/mL for C, DMC and BDMC; 1.5 mL/min | Jadhav et al. (2007) |
| Turmeric extracts |
Isocratic elution of CH3CN and 2% v/v CH3COOH (40:60v/v) |
RP-Alltima C18 Column |
13.6 | 0.90, 0.84, 0.08 µg/mL for C, DMC and BDMC; 2.0 mL/min | Wichitnithad et al. (2009) |
| Turmeric powder and tablet | 0.1 M of acetate buffer (pH 4.0)–CH3CN (57:43 v/v) |
C18, fluorescence detector RF-10AXL |
~28 | 1.5, 0.9 and 0.09 ng/mL for C, DMC and BDMC; 1 mL/min | Zhang et al. (2009) |
| Turmeric oleoresin | C3H8O:H2O (95:05 v/v) | Exil-Amino column, UV–VIS 425 nm | 11 | 0.3 µg/mL; 1 mL/min | Naidu et al. (2009) |
| Curcuminoids-loaded liposome | 1% H3PO4–CH3CN | C18, UV–VIS 425 nm | 6.36 | 2.5 mg/mL; 1.0 mL/min | Jangle and Thorat (2013) |
| Turmeric powder | ACN–MeOH–H2O (40:20:40 v/v | RP-phenyl column, UV–VIS | 10.5 | 0.30–0.50 ng/mL; 1.0 mL/min | Ali et al. (2014) |
| Turmeric powder | 10 mM Na2HPO4:H3PO4 (pH 5.0) (50:50 v/v) | C18, Electrochemical detection cell | 15.0 | 0.208, 0.197 and 0.227 µM for C, DMC and BDMC; 1.0 mL/min | Long et al. (2014) |
| Turmeric colour pigments, curry powder | CH3OH (A):C4H8O (B): 0.1 g/100 ml H3PO4 in H2O (C). Gradient system: 0–15 min, 10–15% A, 30–40% B, and 60–45% C; 15–20 min, 15–55% A, 40–10% B, and 45–35% C | C18, UV 425 nm | 17.13 | 0.27, 0.18, 0.23 µg/mL for C, DMC and BDMC; 1.0 mL/min | Li et al. (2014b) |
| Turmeric extract and emulsion | CH3CN:CH3OH:H2O (40:20:40 v/v/v) | C18, UV/VIS detector | 6.67 | 0.305 µg/mL; 1.5 mL/min | Syed et al. (2015) |
| Turmeric rhizome | Acetonitrile:water (70:30 v/v). | C18, DAD | 15.08 | 1.0 µg/mL; 0.8 mL/min | Hwang et al. (2016) |
| In different commercial products | 0.1% CH3COOH in H2O(A): CH3CN with 0.1% CH3COOH (B) Gradient Program:0 min,45% of solvent B; Step 1: 1.5 min, 65% solvent B; Step 2: 2.5 min, 90% solvent B; Step 3: 4.0 min, 90% | C18, Photodiode array detector | 1.3 | 0.40, 0.20, 0.19 µg/mL for C, DMC and BDMC 2.5 mL/min | Osorio-Tobón et al. (2016) |
| In different commercial products | CH3CN: 0.1% CH2O2 in H2O | C18, Photodiode array detector | 9.18 | 7.40, 9.24 and 6.48 ng/mL for C, DMC and BDMC; 0.8 mL/min | Peram et al. (2017) |
| Java turmeric | Gradient elution, acetonitrile- 0.001% formic acid | Phenomenex C18, UV–VIS 425 nm | 10.72 | 0.0250, 0.0166, 0.0119 µg/mL for C, DMC and BDMC;1 mL/min | Erpina et al. (2017) |
| LC–MS/MS methods | |||||
| Equine plasma | 0.1% (v/v) CH2O2 in C2H3N (A) and 0.1% (v/v) CH2O2 in H2O (B); isocratic program (43% A: 57% B) |
XBridge BEH C18, MS, electrospray ionization |
9 | 1 ng/mL; 0.2 mL/min | Liu et al. (2018b) |
| Bacterial culture medium | 10 mM C2H7NO2 and 0.1% (v/v) CH2O2 in H2O (A) or in acetonitrile (B). Gradient elution: 0–5 min, 20% B; 5–8.1 min, 80% B; 8.1–10.0 min, 20% B. |
Poroshell 120 EC-C8 column , MS, electrospray ionization |
10 | 0.1 µM; 0.3 mL/min | Tan et al. (2015) |
| Turmeric rhizome | 5 mM NH4HCO2, 0.1% CH2O2, in H2O (A); C2H3N (B); Gradient (in buffer A): 0–2 min, 5% B; 2–57 min, 5–100% B; 57–60 min, 100% B; 60–65 min, 100–5% B; 65–75 min, 5% B | Discovery HS C18; MS Sustained off-resonance irradiation fragmentation (SORI) | 75 | –; 0.25 mL/min | Jiang et al. (2006a) |
| Plasma samples | 10.0 mM NH4HCO2 (pH 3.0) (A) and CH3OH (B) Gradient elution: 0–3.0 min (25–90% B), 3.0–7.50 min (90–90% B), 7.50–7.51 min (90–25% B), 7.51–11.0 min (25–25% B) | Xterra MS C18, MS, electrospray ionization | 11.0 | 2.50–179 ng/mL; 0.25 mL/min | Kunati et al. (2018) |
| Cell medium and mouse plasma | 0.1% CH2O2 in C2H3N (50%) (A) and H2O (B); isocratic mode | Beta basic C8 column, MS ion reaction monitoring | 12 | 1 ng/mL; 0.2 mL/min | Vijaya Saradhi et al. (2010) |
| Human plasma | 0.1% CH2O2 in C2H3N (50%) (A) and H2O (B); isocratic mode | BetaBasic C8 column, MS, electro-spray ionization | 5 | 2.0 ng/ml; 0.2 mL/min | Chen et al. (2012) |