MFF regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. (a–c) PC3 cells were transfected with vector, Flag-MFF1 (a), Flag-MFF2 (b) or Flag-MFF5 (c), immunoprecipitated (IP) with an antibody to Flag and analysed by Western blotting. Sup, supernatant; Unb, unbound. (d) PC3 cells transfected with siCtrl or siMFF (top) or treated with H2O2 (bottom) were labelled with calcein in the presence of CoCl2 and analysed by flow cytometry. Numbers indicate fluorescence units per each condition. None, untreated. (e and f) PC3 cells transfected with siCtrl or siMFF were incubated with Fluoro3-AM and FLUO-5 N or, alternatively Rhod2-AM, and changes in mitochondrial (Mito)-, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)- or cytosolic (Cytosol)-associated Ca 2+ levels were determined by flow cytometry (e, representative experiment) and quantified (f). Numbers correspond to fluorescence units. Mean ± SD. (g) DU145 (top) or PC3 (bottom) cells were transfected with siCtrl or MFF-directed siRNA (siMFF) and analysed for mitochondrial inner membrane potential by TMRE staining and flow cytometry with or without suboptimal concentrations of the uncoupler, FCCP. Representative experiment (n = 3). (h) The conditions are as in (g) and TMRE staining was quantified in siRNA-transfected DU145 and PC3 cells. Mean ± SD.