Fig. 1.

Human diabetic kidneys show increased expression of p-FoxO1, p-STAT1 and STAT1. (A-D) Representative images of IHC staining for FoxO1, p-FoxO1, STAT1 and p-STAT1 in kidney tissues distant from kidney tumor (NC, n = 5) and DKD patients (n = 5). (magnification, 100×). (E-H) Quantification of immunohistochemical staining for FoxO1, p-FoxO1, STAT1 and p-STAT1. (I) Representative western blots for FoxO1, p-FoxO1, STAT1 and p-STAT1 expression in NC group and DKD patients. β-actin was used as a loading control. (J-M) Densitometry of FoxO1, p-FoxO1, STAT1 and p-STAT1 was analyzed. (N–O) RT- PCR analysis for FoxO1 and STAT1 mRNA expression in DKD patients and NC group. Results were normalized with GAPDH levels. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 5 kidneys per group, *P < .05, P values were determined by unpaired t-test.