Table 1.

Characteristics of the gut microbiome in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Authors	Patient population	N	Bacteria associated with response to ICI therapy
Vetizou et al. 2015	Metastatic melanoma	n = 25	B. fragilis and/or B. thetaiotaomicron, Burkholderiales species
Chaput et al. 2017	Metastatic melanoma	n = 26	Faecalibacterium genus and other Firmicutes
Frankel et al. 2017	Metastatic melanoma	n-39	Bacteroides caccae, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Holdemania filiformis, Doreaformico generans
Matson et al. 2018	Metastatic melanoma	n = 42	Enterococcus faecium, Collinsella aerofaciens, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Veillonella parvula, Parabacteroides merdae, Lactobacillus species, and Bifidobacterium longum
Gopalakrishnan et al. 2017	Metastatic melanoma	n = 112	Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium
Routy et al. 2017	Advanced NSCLC, RCC	NSCLC n = 60 RCC n = 40	Ruminococcaceae, Faecalibacterium, specifically Ruminococcae, Alistipes and Eubacterium species

NSCLC, non small cell lung carcinoma; RCC, renal cell carcinoma