. 2019 Oct 4;34(43):e271. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e271

Table 4. In-hospital mortality rates and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in VLBW infants who underwent single or multiple surgeries.

Variables		No surgery	Any surgery	1 time	2 times	≥ 3 times
No. (%)		6,376 (80.9)	1,509 (19.1)	1,162 (14.7)	280 (3.6)	67 (0.9)
Mortality during NICU hospitalization		753 (11.8)	235 (15.6)^a	176 (11.2)^a	49 (17.5)^a	10 (14.9)^a
Hospital day		55.6 ± 32.5	100.6 ± 51.4^a	95.2 ± 49.1^a	115.8 ± 55.0^a	130.3 ± 53.8^a
Follow-up at CA 18-24 months (total n = 3,777)
	No. (%)	2,960 (78.4)	817 (21.6)	608 (16.1)	164 (4.3)	45 (1.2)
	Cerebral palsy	25 (0.8)	38 (4.7)^a	17 (2.8)^a	14 (8.5)^a	7 (15.6)^a
	MDI score (BSID-II)	84.0 ± 23.7	83.3 ± 20.7
	Cognition score (BSID-III)	97.4 ± 14.8	94.1 ± 17.5
	Language score (BSID-III)	93.9 ± 15.2	90.6 ± 18.3
	Severe cognitive delay	101 (3.4)	41 (5.0)^a	27 (4.4)^a	13 (7.9)^a	1 (2.2)
	PDI score (BSID-II)	83.2 ± 22.0	84.9 ± 20.3
	Motor score (BSID-III)	94.0 ± 16.5	90.4 ± 18.5
	Severe psychomotor delay	80 (2.7)	30 (3.3)^a	23 (3.8)^a	7 (4.3)^a	0 (0)
	Neurosensory (hearing or visual) impairment	10 (0.3)	12 (1.5)^a	7 (1.2)^a	2 (1.2)^a	3 (6.7)^a
	Any neurodevelopmental impairment	98 (3.3)	40 (4.9)^a	28 (4.6)^a	8 (4.9)^a	4 (8.9)^a

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%).

VLBW = very low birth weight, NICU = neonatal intensive care unit, CA = corrected age, MDI = mental developmental index, BSID = Bayley scales of infant development, PDI = psychomotor developmental index.

^aCompared with no surgery.