Table 1.
Group Characteristics
| CD, Mean ± SD or n | TD, Mean ± SD or n | CD/TD, n | p, Sig. 2-tailed | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Years | 16.28 ± 0.85 | 16.74 ± 0.99 | 30/29 | .061 |
| Handedness (Right/Left/Ambidextrous) | 22/2/3 | 21/8/0 | 27/29 | .893 |
| Pubertal Statusa | 4.2 | 4.4 | 29/29 | .133 |
| Age of Onset (Childhood/Adolescence), Years | 10/19 | — | 29/— | |
| IQ | ||||
| Performance IQ | 103.67 ± 13.64 | 105.34 ± 11.25 | 30/29 | .609 |
| Verbal IQ | 95.67 ± 16.70 | 106.72 ± 12.91 | 30/29 | .006 |
| Total IQ | 99.90 ± 12.95 | 106.24 ± 9.64 | 30/29 | .038 |
| Comorbidities (DSM-5) | ||||
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | 7 | 0 | 29/26 | |
| Major depressive disorder | 5 | 0 | 28/26 | |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 0 | 0 | 29/26 | |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 2 | 0 | 30/26 | |
| Alcohol dependence | 1 | 0 | 28/26 | |
| Substance dependence | 5 | 0 | 28/26 | |
| YPI | ||||
| Grandiose-manipulative | 39.24 ± 10.43 | 32.97 ± 8.90 | 29/29 | .017 |
| Callous-unemotional | 30.10 ± 6.97 | 24.52 ± 5.16 | 29/29 | .001 |
| Impulsive-irresponsible | 39.93 ± 7.71 | 30.93 ± 6.48 | 29/29 | <.001 |
| Total score | 109.28 ± 20.31 | 88.41 ± 15.30 | 29/29 | <.001 |
| CBCL | ||||
| Internalizing subscale | 65.47 ± 10.28 | 49.3 ± 10.62 | 17/27 | <.001 |
| Externalizing subscale | 71.12 ± 5.85 | 47.0 ± 7.84 | 17/27 | <.001 |
| Total score | 69.65 ± 6.97 | 48.00 ± 10.16 | 17/27 | <.001 |
Unless otherwise indicated, t tests nonsignificant at threshold p = .05. For IQ, standard scores are reported; for Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory (YPI) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), mean scores are reported.
CD, conduct disorder; Sig., significance; TD, typically developing.
a
Pubertal status was measured using the Pubertal Development Scale.