Table 3.
Burden of disease (deaths) from Modern Pollution.
| GBD Study (2015) | Modern Deaths2 | Pollution | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air (Total) | 6.5 (5.7–7.3) | 3.8 | |
| Household Air | 2.9 (2.2–3.6) | – | |
| Ambient | 4.2 (3.7–4.8) | 4.2 (3.7 – 4.8) | |
| Particulate | 0.3 (0.1–0.4) | 0.3 (0.1 – 0.4) | |
| Ambient Ozone | |||
| Water (Total) | 1.8 (1.4–2.2) | – | |
| Unsafe | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | ||
| Sanitation | 1.3 (1.0–1.4) | ||
| Unsafe Source | |||
| Occupational | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | |
| Carcinogens | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) | |
| Particulates | 0.4 (0.3–0.4) | 0.4 (0.3–0.4) | |
| Soil, Heavy Metals, and Chemicals | 1.0 (0.2–0.8) | 0.5 (0.2–0.8) | |
| Lead | 0.5 (0.2–0.8) | 1.03 | |
| Total Estimated Deaths (Millions) | 9.0 | 5.8 | |
1 Note that the totals for air pollution, water pollution, and all pollution are less than the arithmetic sum of the individual risk factors within each of those categories because these have overlapping contributions – eg, household air pollution also contributes to ambient air pollution and vice versa.
2 To be conservative, the lower end of the 95% confidence interval was used.
3 IHME retroactively updated lead deaths in 2017 to 1 million. This change has been reflected here. (IHME, 2019) [18].